{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392153272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437524","title":"Towards Green Cloud Transmission: Observation from Practical Inter-Cloud Links","display_name":"Towards Green Cloud Transmission: Observation from Practical Inter-Cloud Links","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392153272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769224","display_name":"Xue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6995-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036159136","display_name":"Wei Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-0905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050651525","display_name":"Nan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xidian University,Xian,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xidian University,Xian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101140252","display_name":"Yan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000888418","display_name":"Ziheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-5823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060917950","display_name":"Lei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-3131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China","School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091713195","display_name":"Hongke Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-813X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5877","last_page":"5882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.905001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6348517537117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.47282135486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3386363089084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24537310004234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08563205599784851}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.905001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6348517537117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.47282135486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3386363089084625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24537310004234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08563205599784851}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673708724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220484084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7614226315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322102,62372035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7727302953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YJS123,2022YJS004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G911031705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2901900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990249073","https://openalex.org/W2158598866","https://openalex.org/W2771108344","https://openalex.org/W2917255913","https://openalex.org/W2951955003","https://openalex.org/W2976819434","https://openalex.org/W2978657931","https://openalex.org/W2988292575","https://openalex.org/W3011867362","https://openalex.org/W3036495351","https://openalex.org/W3133588637","https://openalex.org/W3210779499","https://openalex.org/W4223939035","https://openalex.org/W4285276369","https://openalex.org/W4293241248","https://openalex.org/W4377862205","https://openalex.org/W6759510944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,42,69,82,89,109,127,133],"development":[2],"of":[3,71,111,136,146,155],"economic":[4],"globalization":[5],"and":[6,13,35,52,64,67,101,122,139],"emerging":[7],"applications":[8],"such":[9,97],"as":[10,98],"transnational":[11],"communication":[12],"webcasting,":[14],"inter-cloud":[15,112,156],"link":[16],"transmission":[17,27,91,138,154],"has":[18],"become":[19],"a":[20],"key":[21],"factor":[22],"for":[23,150],"green":[24,153],"networking.":[25],"Optimized":[26],"policies":[28],"can":[29,114],"effectively":[30,116],"reduce":[31],"network":[32,44,54,90,137],"energy":[33],"consumption":[34],"improve":[36],"resource":[37],"utilization":[38],"by":[39],"dynamically":[40],"adjusting":[41],"optimal":[43],"paths.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,86,106,130],"collect":[50],"first-hand":[51],"over-million-level":[53],"datasets":[55],"from":[56],"practical":[57],"nodes":[58],"on":[59,126,152],"three":[60],"continents":[61],"(Asia,":[62],"Europe,":[63],"North":[65],"America),":[66],"analyze":[68],"characteristics":[70],"international":[72],"links":[73],"among":[74],"cloud":[75,102],"centers":[76],"in":[77],"different":[78],"continents.":[79],"According":[80],"to":[81,119],"actual":[83],"test":[84],"results,":[85],"discover":[87],"that":[88,108],"quality":[92,110],"strongly":[93],"correlates":[94],"with":[95],"factors":[96],"time":[99],"zone":[100],"service":[103],"provider.":[104],"Besides,":[105],"conclude":[107],"networks":[113],"be":[115],"improved":[117],"according":[118],"regional":[120],"activity":[121],"triangular":[123],"routing.":[124],"Based":[125],"in-depth":[128],"observation,":[129],"further":[131],"discuss":[132],"optimization":[134],"directions":[135],"provide":[140],"relevant":[141],"suggestions.":[142],"This":[143],"work":[144],"is":[145],"significant":[147],"reference":[148],"value":[149],"research":[151],"links.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}