{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392158236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437268","title":"Unsupervised Network Traffic Classification Based on Multi-Source Synergistic Distribution Alignment","display_name":"Unsupervised Network Traffic Classification Based on Multi-Source Synergistic Distribution Alignment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392158236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437268","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113127288","display_name":"Bowen Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397486","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-456X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065842342","display_name":"Zhipeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0563-6396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103088416","display_name":"Peng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4446-4427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103025562","display_name":"Rui Lyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018395992","display_name":"Shaoyin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4313","last_page":"4319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7119085788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46607041358947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.41164639592170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39940208196640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06753751635551453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7119085788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46607041358947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41164639592170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39940208196640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06753751635551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437268","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1926032197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB2103202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2769075844","https://openalex.org/W2904209271","https://openalex.org/W2998483179","https://openalex.org/W3012340802","https://openalex.org/W3086739052","https://openalex.org/W3126709645","https://openalex.org/W3134105090","https://openalex.org/W3191873719","https://openalex.org/W4213440574","https://openalex.org/W6785482883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"traffic":[1,32,41,60,69,81,89,98,110,115,124,127,132,138,151,163,169,178,186,203,212,221,233],"classification":[2,82,99,120,152,164,196,234],"is":[3,12,35,71,171,180,188,198,205,214,223],"a":[4,52,79,96],"key":[5],"technology":[6],"in":[7,43,51,101,129,166,237],"network":[8,31,54,59,68,80,97,123,232],"communication":[9,19],"management,":[10],"which":[11],"of":[13,30,66,121,154,162,194,230],"great":[14],"significance":[15],"for":[16],"building":[17],"intelligent":[18],"and":[20,27,62,117,147,173,175,190,207,216,218],"so":[21],"on.":[22],"Due":[23],"to":[24,37,77,105,108],"the":[25,48,63,130,141,167,176,192,195,201,210,219,228,231],"difficult":[26,36,76],"time-consuming":[28],"process":[29],"labeling,":[33],"it":[34,74],"obtain":[38],"any":[39],"labeled":[40,126],"data":[42,64,128,142],"some":[44],"special":[45],"networks.":[46],"At":[47],"same":[49],"time,":[50],"real":[53],"environment,":[55],"there":[56],"are":[57,158],"multiple":[58,88,113],"domains,":[61],"distribution":[65],"each":[67],"domain":[70,157,170,179,187,204,213,222],"different,":[72],"making":[73],"extremely":[75],"train":[78],"model":[83],"that":[84],"performs":[85],"well":[86],"on":[87],"domains":[90,116,139],"simultaneously.":[91],"Therefore,":[92],"this":[93,238],"paper":[94,135],"proposes":[95],"method":[100],"unsupervised":[102,155],"scenarios,":[103],"aiming":[104],"study":[106],"how":[107],"learn":[109],"knowledge":[111],"from":[112,140],"source":[114,168,185,211],"achieve":[118],"accurate":[119],"unlabeled":[122],"without":[125],"target":[131,177,202,220],"domain.":[133],"This":[134],"divides":[136],"three":[137,150],"set,":[143],"namely":[144],"VPN,":[145],"nonVPN":[146],"nonTor.":[148,224],"And":[149],"tasks":[153,165],"multi-source":[156],"constructed.":[159],"The":[160,184],"accuracy":[161,193],"nonTor":[172],"nonVPN,":[174,206,217],"VPN":[181,189,215],"reaches":[182],"89.76%.":[183],"nonTor,":[191],"task":[197],"91.73%":[199],"when":[200,209],"90.35%":[208],"Experimental":[225],"results":[226],"show":[227],"effectiveness":[229],"algorithm":[235],"proposed":[236],"paper.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}