{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392153035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437244","title":"Website Fingerprinting with Packet Sampling: A More Realistic Approach in Real-World Networks","display_name":"Website Fingerprinting with Packet Sampling: A More Realistic Approach in Real-World Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392153035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437244","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367352","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032328549","display_name":"Hua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043707940","display_name":"Guang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8642-4362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Security for Ubiquitous Network, Nanjing, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Security for Ubiquitous Network, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073150709","display_name":"Xiaoyan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-1977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071070368","display_name":"Yuxin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8529-6549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100367352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61095188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7103","last_page":"7108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7512499094009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5597885847091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.534040629863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4091615676879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34519946575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3441351652145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18009909987449646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512499094009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5597885847091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.534040629863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4091615676879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34519946575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3441351652145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18009909987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437244","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622670983","https://openalex.org/W2120702739","https://openalex.org/W2272516773","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2485000773","https://openalex.org/W2734887759","https://openalex.org/W2783301790","https://openalex.org/W2913901113","https://openalex.org/W2915352631","https://openalex.org/W2963704216","https://openalex.org/W3102722348","https://openalex.org/W3103367901","https://openalex.org/W4213019899","https://openalex.org/W6682188453","https://openalex.org/W6693724512","https://openalex.org/W6759107969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707","https://openalex.org/W2038165453","https://openalex.org/W1885824365","https://openalex.org/W1595657826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Website":[0],"fingerprinting":[1],"(WF)":[2],"attack":[3,30,97,112,130,142,175],"enables":[4],"an":[5,128],"eavesdropper":[6],"to":[7,21,46,101,110,113,121,185],"spy":[8],"on":[9,29,82,135],"users'":[10,23],"browsing":[11],"activity":[12],"for":[13],"malicious":[14],"purposes,":[15],"which":[16],"poses":[17],"a":[18,43,62,87,94,182],"critical":[19],"threat":[20],"Internet":[22],"privacy.":[24],"Prior":[25,79],"research":[26],"mainly":[27],"focuses":[28],"performance":[31,134],"in":[32,49,56,68,90,96,148,156,162,167],"local":[33],"area":[34],"networks.":[35],"Meanwhile,":[36],"with":[37,132],"the":[38,65,71,75,102,115,160,173,177],"upgrade":[39],"of":[40,74,117,190,195],"network":[41,51],"infrastruc-ture,":[42],"notable":[44],"transition":[45],"high-speed":[47,57,187],"connectivity":[48],"real-world":[50,186],"nodes":[52],"has":[53,60],"emerged.":[54],"While":[55],"networks,":[58],"there":[59],"been":[61],"mismatch":[63],"between":[64],"overall":[66],"traffic":[67],"transmission":[69],"and":[70,93,153],"upper":[72],"limit":[73],"attacker's":[76],"processing":[77],"capabilities.":[78],"attacks":[80],"based":[81],"full-traffic":[83],"collection":[84],"will":[85],"face":[86],"sharp":[88],"increase":[89],"resource":[91],"overhead":[92],"decrease":[95],"efficiency.":[98],"In":[99,124],"response":[100],"emerging":[103],"challenges,":[104],"we":[105,126],"first":[106],"apply":[107],"sampling":[108,151,169],"techniques":[109],"WF":[111,174],"reduce":[114],"amount":[116],"data":[118],"that":[119,140],"needs":[120],"be":[122],"processed.":[123],"addition,":[125],"devise":[127],"effective":[129],"model":[131,143],"good":[133],"sampled":[136],"traffic.":[137],"Evaluations":[138],"indicate":[139],"our":[141],"achieves":[144],"94.9":[145],"%":[146],"accuracy":[147,155],"1/8":[149],"packet":[150,168],"scenario":[152],"98%":[154],"non-sampling":[157],"scenario,":[158],"outperforming":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"both":[163],"cases.":[164],"The":[165,193],"compatibility":[166],"environments":[170],"helps":[171],"extend":[172],"from":[176],"laboratory":[178],"setting":[179],"targeting":[180],"at":[181,201],"few":[183],"users":[184],"networks":[188],"capable":[189],"massive":[191],"surveillance.":[192],"code":[194],"this":[196],"paper":[197],"is":[198],"publicly":[199],"available":[200],"https://github.com/code-flyerISAPWF.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}