{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392152439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437104","title":"QFAGR: A Q-learning-based Fast Adaptive Geographic Routing Protocol for Flying Ad hoc Networks","display_name":"QFAGR: A Q-learning-based Fast Adaptive Geographic Routing Protocol for Flying Ad hoc Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392152439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437104","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113333332","display_name":"Wei Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-002X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051563835","display_name":"Yuanyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389064","display_name":"Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1937-0725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070637003","display_name":"Yuliang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5923-9011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University,Dept. of Informatics and Communication Engineering,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361005","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94958163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4613","last_page":"4618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7482901811599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6103804111480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.6094183921813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.6083091497421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5836954116821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.5445303320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.5329440832138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5283437967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-wireless-distribution-service","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","score":0.5120387673377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.45756226778030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-quality-of-service-multi-hop-routing","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","score":0.4340072274208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.41753771901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1277400553226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.05893832445144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.054314643144607544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7482901811599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6103804111480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.6094183921813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6083091497421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5836954116821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.5445303320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.5329440832138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5283437967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190526755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4678071","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","level":5,"score":0.5120387673377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.45756226778030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32244324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680755","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","level":5,"score":0.4340072274208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.41753771901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1277400553226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.05893832445144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.054314643144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom54140.2023.10437104","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979237899","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2156666755","https://openalex.org/W2165129737","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2582380851","https://openalex.org/W2758867528","https://openalex.org/W2940810733","https://openalex.org/W2962753615","https://openalex.org/W2990310893","https://openalex.org/W3013500184","https://openalex.org/W3169020724","https://openalex.org/W4200436491","https://openalex.org/W4250284360","https://openalex.org/W4292567141","https://openalex.org/W6682459407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153238122","https://openalex.org/W1984869556","https://openalex.org/W2162575280","https://openalex.org/W2077426240","https://openalex.org/W2169952094","https://openalex.org/W2368919087","https://openalex.org/W1970292142","https://openalex.org/W2126215413","https://openalex.org/W2140056331","https://openalex.org/W1541919156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,121,130,132,147,156,178,189],"the":[2,40,55,62,113,119,122,127,150,158],"highly":[3,133],"dynamic":[4,56,134],"network":[5],"topology":[6,83],"in":[7,38,58,136],"Flying":[8],"Ad":[9],"hoc":[10],"Networks":[11],"(FANETs),":[12],"topology-based":[13],"routing":[14,21,25,34,49,59,88,100,128,160],"protocols":[15,22],"are":[16,77,145],"impractical,":[17],"while":[18],"known":[19],"geographic":[20,33],"suffer":[23],"from":[24],"holes.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"a":[30,86,96],"Q-learning-based":[31,179,190],"adaptive":[32],"protocol":[35,129,167],"is":[36,50,92,185],"presented,":[37],"which":[39,94],"impact":[41],"of":[42,65,98,106,116],"delay,":[43],"mobility,":[44],"and":[45,73,103,118,141,172,194],"energy":[46],"consumption":[47],"on":[48,112],"comprehensively":[51],"considered.":[52],"To":[53,125],"overcome":[54],"changes":[57,135],"caused":[60],"by":[61,80,170,175],"high":[63],"mobility":[64],"Unmanned":[66],"Aerial":[67],"Vehicles":[68],"(UAVs),":[69],"reinforcement":[70],"learning":[71,143,151],"parameters":[72],"HELLO":[74],"message":[75],"interval":[76],"adaptively":[78],"adjusted":[79],"sensing":[81],"local":[82],"changes.":[84],"Meanwhile,":[85],"new":[87],"hole":[89,101],"avoidance":[90],"mechanism":[91],"proposed,":[93],"involves":[95],"scheme":[97],"broadcasting":[99],"information":[102],"an":[104],"approach":[105],"data":[107],"forwarding":[108],"route":[109],"selection":[110],"based":[111],"node":[114],"degree":[115],"UAVs":[117],"distance":[120],"destination":[123],"node.":[124],"enable":[126],"adapt":[131],"FANETs":[137],"topology,":[138],"link":[139],"pre-learning":[140],"multi-Q":[142],"methods":[144],"used":[146],"speed":[148],"up":[149],"process.":[152],"We":[153],"use":[154],"NS-3":[155],"evaluate":[157],"proposed":[159],"protocol.":[161],"The":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"that":[165],"our":[166],"improves":[168],"throughput":[169],"6%":[171],"reduces":[173],"delay":[174],"20%":[176],"compared":[177],"Multi-objective":[180],"Optimization":[181],"Routing":[182,192,198],"(QMR).":[183],"It":[184],"also":[186],"far":[187],"superior":[188],"Geographic":[191],"(QGeo)":[193],"Greedy":[195],"Perimeter":[196],"Stateless":[197],"(GPSR).":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
