{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408325106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901300","title":"Evaluating Large Language Models for Enhanced Intrusion Detection in Internet of Things Networks","display_name":"Evaluating Large Language Models for Enhanced Intrusion Detection in Internet of Things Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408325106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014166172","display_name":"Ebelechukwu Nwafor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebelechukwu Nwafor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Villanova University,Department of Computing Sciences,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Villanova University,Department of Computing Sciences,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116585618","display_name":"Ujjwal Baskota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Baskota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Villanova University,Department of Computing Sciences,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Villanova University,Department of Computing Sciences,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081170143","display_name":"Md Salik Parwez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Salik Parwez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington,Department of Computer Science & Engineering,TX,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington,Department of Computer Science & Engineering,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056416862","display_name":"Jeremy Blackstone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Blackstone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Washington,D.C,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Washington,D.C,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071036966","display_name":"Habeeb Olufowobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-2038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habeeb Olufowobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington,Department of Computer Science & Engineering,TX,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington,Department of Computer Science & Engineering,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96813244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3358","last_page":"3363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7318502068519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6521751880645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5215861201286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5177564024925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.4334666430950165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40425387024879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3550882041454315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2247791886329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0656948983669281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318502068519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6521751880645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5215861201286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5177564024925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.4334666430950165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40425387024879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3550882041454315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2247791886329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0656948983669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23405419","https://openalex.org/W2011778831","https://openalex.org/W2064274762","https://openalex.org/W2086437504","https://openalex.org/W2095649738","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2782735691","https://openalex.org/W2808779485","https://openalex.org/W2970419734","https://openalex.org/W4310511492","https://openalex.org/W4319079731","https://openalex.org/W4382281941","https://openalex.org/W4388998624","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391582407","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6767182473","https://openalex.org/W6809583738","https://openalex.org/W6854866820","https://openalex.org/W6861295083","https://openalex.org/W6989671925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,103,157],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"landscape":[5],"has":[6],"grown":[7],"exponentially":[8],"in":[9,34,53,87,106],"recent":[10],"years,":[11],"making":[12],"robust":[13],"and":[14,51,74,92,109,121],"efficient":[15],"intrusion":[16,36,79,163],"detection":[17,37,50,164],"systems":[18],"(IDS)":[19],"even":[20],"more":[21],"critical.":[22],"While":[23,124],"Large":[24],"Language":[25],"Models":[26],"(LLMs)":[27],"have":[28],"gained":[29],"significant":[30],"traction,":[31],"their":[32],"effectiveness":[33],"network":[35,90],"remains":[38],"largely":[39],"unexplored.":[40],"This":[41,147],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"an":[44,166],"LLM-based":[45],"framework":[46],"for":[47,153,162],"enhanced":[48],"threat":[49],"analysis":[52,148],"IoT":[54,167],"networks.":[55],"We":[56,99],"explore":[57],"using":[58,113],"advanced":[59,158],"LLMs":[60],"like":[61],"OpenAI\u2019s":[62],"Generative":[63],"Pre-trained":[64],"Transformer":[65],"(GPT)":[66],"model,":[67],"focusing":[68],"on":[69],"techniques":[70],"such":[71,116],"as":[72,117],"fine-tuning":[73,126],"embedding":[75,141],"similarity.":[76],"Using":[77],"real-world":[78],"datasets,":[80],"we":[81],"evaluate":[82],"the":[83,101,104,125,134,140,155],"proposed":[84],"LLM\u2019s":[85],"performance":[86],"detecting":[88],"common":[89],"attacks":[91],"compare":[93],"it":[94],"with":[95],"ensemble-based":[96,137],"IDS":[97,138],"solutions.":[98],"assess":[100],"efficiency":[102],"LLM":[105],"binary":[107],"class":[108],"multiclass":[110],"classification":[111],"task":[112],"standard":[114],"metrics,":[115],"accuracy,":[118],"recall,":[119],"precision,":[120],"F1":[122],"scores.":[123],"approach":[127],"does":[128],"not":[129],"produce":[130],"comparable":[131,145],"results":[132],"to":[133],"current":[135],"baseline":[136],"models,":[139],"approach,":[142],"however,":[143],"yields":[144],"results.":[146],"represents":[149],"a":[150],"starting":[151],"point":[152],"exploring":[154],"utilization":[156],"large":[159],"language":[160],"models":[161],"within":[165],"ecosystem.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}