{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315630163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001700","title":"A Multi - Task Learning Model for Super Resolution of Wireless Channel Characteristics","display_name":"A Multi - Task Learning Model for Super Resolution of Wireless Channel Characteristics","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315630163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607705","display_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891131","display_name":"Xiping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423029","display_name":"Zhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012981301","display_name":"Danping He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-5013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danping He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103248136","display_name":"Ke Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3748-2245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323861","display_name":"Dongliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-6365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767749","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Networks and Mobile Multimedia Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05cd55294","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology,Shenzhen,China,518055","ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086938410","display_name":"Jianwu Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767749","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Networks and Mobile Multimedia Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05cd55294","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwu Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology,Shenzhen,China,518055","ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056209905","display_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal,1049-001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal,1049-001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023648639","display_name":"Saba Al\u2013Rubaye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-904X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Al-Rubaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Central Bedfordshire,Cranfield,UK,2717"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Central Bedfordshire,Cranfield,UK,2717","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"952","last_page":"957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8039999008178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5974129438400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5317444205284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5288299918174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5186628103256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49930334091186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4963231682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4513881504535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4512943923473358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4187389314174652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.415077805519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33663660287857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29498156905174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12746909260749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10478353500366211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8039999008178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5974129438400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5317444205284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5288299918174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5186628103256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49930334091186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4963231682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4513881504535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4512943923473358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4187389314174652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.415077805519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33663660287857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29498156905174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12746909260749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10478353500366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607705","display_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/19005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/19005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680719155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1834210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6026921953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JBZD005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6779871522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2020ZZ005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6952521048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7282603600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8908623464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L212029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313887","display_name":"ZTE Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886935870","https://openalex.org/W2911643182","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963677766","https://openalex.org/W3041784331","https://openalex.org/W3084871932","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3097713188","https://openalex.org/W3109855744","https://openalex.org/W3131967102","https://openalex.org/W3175909665","https://openalex.org/W4226247666","https://openalex.org/W4296910903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560215812","https://openalex.org/W2949601986","https://openalex.org/W2788972299","https://openalex.org/W2521347458","https://openalex.org/W2498789492","https://openalex.org/W2729981612","https://openalex.org/W4233449973","https://openalex.org/W2990636717","https://openalex.org/W4301867275","https://openalex.org/W2790610275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Channel":[0],"modeling":[1,25,31],"has":[2],"always":[3],"been":[4],"the":[5,80,99,116],"core":[6],"part":[7],"in":[8,15,88,104,123,128,134],"communication":[9],"system":[10],"design":[11],"and":[12,17,26,43,92,121,140],"development,":[13],"especially":[14],"5G":[16],"6G":[18],"era.":[19],"Traditional":[20],"approaches":[21],"like":[22],"stochastic":[23],"channel":[24,30,59,135,143],"ray-tracing":[27],"(RT)":[28],"based":[29,65],"depend":[32],"heavily":[33],"on":[34,66],"measurement":[35],"data":[36],"or":[37,153],"simulation,":[38],"which":[39],"are":[40,102],"usually":[41],"expensive":[42],"time":[44],"consuming.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,129],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"a":[51],"novel":[52],"super":[53],"resolution":[54],"(SR)":[55],"model":[56,63,83,101,124],"for":[57],"generating":[58],"character-istics":[60],"data.":[61],"The":[62,126],"is":[64],"multi-task":[67,119],"learning":[68,110,120],"(MTL)":[69],"convolutional":[70],"neural":[71],"networks":[72],"(CNN)":[73],"with":[74,106],"residual":[75],"connection.":[76],"Experiments":[77],"demonstrate":[78],"that":[79],"proposed":[81,100],"SR":[82],"could":[84,131],"achieve":[85],"excellent":[86],"performances":[87],"mean":[89],"absolute":[90],"error":[91],"standard":[93],"deviation":[94],"of":[95,98,118,151],"error.":[96],"Advantages":[97],"demonstrated":[103],"comparisons":[105],"other":[107,141],"state-of-the-art":[108],"deep":[109],"models.":[111],"Ablation":[112],"study":[113],"also":[114],"proved":[115],"necessity":[117],"techniques":[122],"design.":[125],"contribution":[127],"paper":[130],"be":[132],"helpful":[133],"modeling,":[136],"network":[137],"optimization,":[138],"positioning":[139],"wireless":[142],"characteristics":[144],"related":[145],"work":[146],"by":[147],"largely":[148],"reducing":[149],"workload":[150],"simulation":[152],"measurement.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}