{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315629905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001121","title":"Power Scaling Law for Optical IRSs and Comparison with Optical Relays","display_name":"Power Scaling Law for Optical IRSs and Comparison with Optical Relays","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315629905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607705","display_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026557165","display_name":"Hedieh Ajam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hedieh Ajam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063246704","display_name":"Marzieh Najafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-4311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marzieh Najafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087843323","display_name":"Vahid Jamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-7415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Jamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033990377","display_name":"Robert Schober","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-4884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schober","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026557165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93335517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1527","last_page":"1533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5170831680297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5129225254058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-budget","display_name":"Power budget","score":0.4855165481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4760049283504486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.43122559785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-engineering","display_name":"Optical engineering","score":0.4262714385986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37804216146469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3733683228492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34121689200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.22694557905197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21028351783752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.11326447129249573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5170831680297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5129225254058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.4855165481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4760049283504486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.43122559785842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151857401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640621","display_name":"Optical engineering","level":2,"score":0.4262714385986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37804216146469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3733683228492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34121689200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.22694557905197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21028351783752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.11326447129249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom48099.2022.10001121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607705","display_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W1983348509","https://openalex.org/W2071556619","https://openalex.org/W2097480037","https://openalex.org/W2100181015","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2125641641","https://openalex.org/W2188722487","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3010372757","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3043981101","https://openalex.org/W3099769502","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3143591891","https://openalex.org/W3159725718","https://openalex.org/W3167683018","https://openalex.org/W3192060051","https://openalex.org/W3198214646","https://openalex.org/W3215679321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W3019210376","https://openalex.org/W2391145594","https://openalex.org/W2326572623","https://openalex.org/W1559320887","https://openalex.org/W2284606164","https://openalex.org/W1991380945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"line-of-sight":[1],"(LOS)":[2],"requirement":[3],"of":[4,105,123,167],"free-space":[5],"optical":[6,14,17,71,93,101,141],"(FSO)":[7],"systems":[8],"can":[9,143],"be":[10],"relaxed":[11],"by":[12],"employing":[13],"relays":[15,102,158],"and":[16,41,73,82,88,110,113,162],"intelligent":[18],"reflecting":[19],"surfaces":[20],"(IRSs).":[21],"Unlike":[22],"radio":[23],"frequency":[24],"(RF)":[25],"IRSs,":[26],"which":[27],"typically":[28],"exhibit":[29],"a":[30,61,124,132,145],"quadratic":[31],"power":[32,36,67,97,172],"scaling":[33,68,98,173],"law,":[34],"the":[35,44,53,66,78,106,121,164,171],"reflected":[37],"from":[38,160],"FSO":[39,129],"IRSs":[40,72,94,142,168],"collected":[42],"at":[43,60,120,136,148],"receiver":[45],"lens":[46,89],"may":[47,57],"scale":[48],"quadratically":[49],"or":[50,56],"linearly":[51],"with":[52,100],"IRS":[54],"size":[55],"even":[58],"saturate":[59],"constant":[62],"value.":[63],"We":[64,91],"analyze":[65],"law":[69],"for":[70],"unveil":[74],"its":[75],"dependence":[76],"on":[77,170],"wavelength,":[79],"transmitter":[80],"(Tx)-to-IRS":[81],"IRS-to-receiver":[83],"(Rx)":[84],"distances,":[85],"beam":[86],"waist,":[87],"size.":[90],"compare":[92],"in":[95,103],"different":[96],"regimes":[99],"terms":[104],"outage":[107,134],"probability,":[108],"diversity":[109],"coding":[111],"gains,":[112],"optimal":[114,155,165],"placement.":[115],"Our":[116],"results":[117],"show":[118],"that,":[119],"expense":[122],"higher":[125,146],"hardware":[126],"complexity,":[127],"relay-assisted":[128],"links":[130],"yield":[131],"better":[133],"performance":[135,147],"high":[137],"signal-to-noise-ratios":[138],"(SNRs),":[139],"but":[140],"achieve":[144],"low":[149],"SNRs.":[150],"Moreover,":[151],"while":[152],"it":[153],"is":[154],"to":[156],"place":[157],"equidistant":[159],"Tx":[161],"Rx,":[163],"location":[166],"depends":[169],"regime":[174],"they":[175],"operate":[176],"in.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}