{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210272843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685989","title":"Improper Gaussian Signaling Based Covert Wireless Communication in IoT Networks","display_name":"Improper Gaussian Signaling Based Covert Wireless Communication in IoT Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210272843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632499","display_name":"Danyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-5628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006357450","display_name":"Qifan Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009796023","display_name":"Jiangbo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404886","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Windsor,ON,Canada,N9B 3P4"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Windsor,ON,Canada,N9B 3P4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697315","display_name":"Zan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100632499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91643386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.7990139722824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7560299634933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6295579671859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.591360330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5456314086914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5321618318557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.49069082736968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4505612254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4421956241130829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.43393999338150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3267848491668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21067926287651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1813598871231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09208494424819946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.7990139722824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7560299634933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6295579671859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.591360330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5456314086914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5321618318557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.49069082736968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4505612254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4421956241130829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.43393999338150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3267848491668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21067926287651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1813598871231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09208494424819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1803295333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901328,61971337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G24499223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XJS210109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051921632","https://openalex.org/W2773816290","https://openalex.org/W2776486137","https://openalex.org/W2901227483","https://openalex.org/W2901595414","https://openalex.org/W2906954590","https://openalex.org/W2918594466","https://openalex.org/W2964286662","https://openalex.org/W3001150855","https://openalex.org/W3005378045","https://openalex.org/W3025456008","https://openalex.org/W3092473865","https://openalex.org/W3119936166","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3148088604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59120657","https://openalex.org/W3091795725","https://openalex.org/W1531121096","https://openalex.org/W2384509413","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W2995861515","https://openalex.org/W2512536427","https://openalex.org/W2121601714","https://openalex.org/W2139615693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"communication,":[1],"which":[2,52],"can":[3,132],"hide":[4],"the":[5,13,21,41,45,53,67,73,79,85,90,96,104,114,118,121,124,129,136,141],"communication":[6,31],"behavior,":[7],"has":[8],"great":[9],"potential":[10],"in":[11,44,51],"guaranteeing":[12],"security":[14],"of":[15,47,95,110,120],"information":[16],"and":[17,89,107],"transmission":[18,76,105],"terminal":[19],"to":[20,39,65],"greatest":[22],"extent.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,71,112],"propose":[28],"a":[29],"covert":[30,42,115,143],"strategy":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34],"improper":[35],"Gaussian":[36],"signaling":[37],"(IGS)":[38],"increase":[40],"rate":[43,77,116],"Internet":[46],"Things":[48],"(IoT)":[49],"system,":[50],"existing":[54],"signals":[55],"emitted":[56],"by":[57,101],"other":[58],"transmitters":[59],"were":[60],"used":[61],"as":[62],"&#x201C;Spectrum":[63],"Shelter&#x201D;":[64],"cover":[66],"IoT&#x0027;s":[68],"communication.":[69],"Specifically,":[70],"analyze":[72],"system&#x0027;s":[74],"achievable":[75,142],"when":[78],"IoT":[80],"node":[81],"adopts":[82],"IGS.":[83],"Then,":[84],"optimal":[86],"detection":[87,93],"threshold":[88],"minimum":[91],"error":[92],"probability":[94],"warden":[97],"are":[98],"analyzed.":[99],"Next,":[100],"jointly":[102],"optimizing":[103],"power":[106],"circularity":[108],"coefficient":[109],"IGS,":[111],"maximize":[113],"under":[117],"constraints":[119],"covertness.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"simulation":[125],"results":[126],"verify":[127],"that":[128],"proposed":[130],"scheme":[131],"not":[133],"only":[134],"guarantee":[135],"covertness,":[137],"but":[138],"also":[139],"improve":[140],"rate.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
