{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210476941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685906","title":"Dynamic Task Offloading in MEC-Enabled IoT Networks: A Hybrid DDPG-D3QN Approach","display_name":"Dynamic Task Offloading in MEC-Enabled IoT Networks: A Hybrid DDPG-D3QN Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210476941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020194895","display_name":"Han Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-0496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059458244","display_name":"Dingguo Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingguo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011900098","display_name":"Fuhui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057118326","display_name":"Rose Qingyang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-3631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rose Qingyang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93580022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8348177671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.8244837522506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6943749189376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6526032090187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5968471765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5599539875984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5289414525032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5208654999732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.48288607597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.47870635986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4545322060585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4299236536026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.41637781262397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24620398879051208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.17405477166175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13988986611366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1354464888572693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8348177671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.8244837522506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6943749189376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6526032090187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5968471765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5599539875984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5289414525032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5208654999732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.48288607597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47870635986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4545322060585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4299236536026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.41637781262397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24620398879051208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.17405477166175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13988986611366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1354464888572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5901541338","display_name":"\u8ba4\u77e5\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9c81\u68d2\u7ba1\u63a7\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072641892","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2789871570","https://openalex.org/W2789896367","https://openalex.org/W2905026759","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2977989413","https://openalex.org/W2980507968","https://openalex.org/W2982531427","https://openalex.org/W3004417498","https://openalex.org/W3010717392","https://openalex.org/W3012434840","https://openalex.org/W3032966580","https://openalex.org/W3035007032","https://openalex.org/W3041261812","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3161503345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500","https://openalex.org/W3014317926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"edge":[1],"computing":[2],"(MEC)":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"an":[8],"enabling":[9],"technology":[10],"to":[11,26,38,80,126],"support":[12],"computation-intensive":[13],"and":[14,19,30,41,59,74,92,117,129,145,152],"delay-critical":[15],"applications":[16],"for":[17],"energy-constrained":[18],"computation-limited":[20],"Internet":[21],"of":[22,89,99],"Things":[23],"(IoT).":[24],"Due":[25],"the":[27,48,54,82,97,100,138,149,153],"time-varying":[28],"channels":[29],"dynamic":[31,72],"task":[32,68,77],"patterns,":[33],"there":[34],"exist":[35],"many":[36],"challenges":[37],"make":[39],"efficient":[40],"effective":[42],"computation":[43,67],"offloading":[44,69,78],"decisions,":[45],"especially":[46],"in":[47,70,87],"multi-server":[49],"multi-user":[50],"IoT":[51],"networks,":[52],"where":[53,111],"decisions":[55],"involve":[56],"both":[57],"continuous":[58,128],"discrete":[60,130],"actions.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,103],"investigate":[66],"a":[71,76,105],"environment":[73],"formulate":[75],"problem":[79],"minimize":[81],"average":[83,154],"long-term":[84,101],"service":[85,156],"cost":[86,157],"terms":[88],"power":[90],"consumption":[91],"buffering":[93],"delay.":[94],"To":[95],"enhance":[96],"estimation":[98],"cost,":[102],"propose":[104],"deep":[106,112,120],"reinforcement":[107],"learning":[108],"based":[109],"algorithm,":[110],"deterministic":[113],"policy":[114],"gradient":[115],"(DDPG)":[116],"dueling":[118],"double":[119],"Q":[121],"networks":[122],"(D3QN)":[123],"are":[124],"invoked":[125],"tackle":[127],"action":[131],"domains,":[132],"respectively.":[133],"Simulation":[134],"results":[135],"validate":[136],"that":[137],"proposed":[139],"DDPG-D3QN":[140],"algorithm":[141],"exhibits":[142],"better":[143],"stability":[144],"faster":[146],"convergence":[147],"than":[148],"existing":[150],"methods,":[151],"system":[155],"is":[158],"decreased":[159],"obviously.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}