{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210809095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685883","title":"Sharding for Blockchain based Mobile Edge Computing System: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Sharding for Blockchain based Mobile Edge Computing System: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210809095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016827432","display_name":"Shijing Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-9595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shijing Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China","Zhejiang Lab, Research Center for Intelligent Network, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Research Center for Intelligent Network, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679241","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-6116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101357338","display_name":"Jinghao Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060302276","display_name":"Yuxuan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-2736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066176083","display_name":"Xiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3378-6340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437534","display_name":"Jianping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-5761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Energy Efficiency,China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Energy Efficiency, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Energy Efficiency,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Energy Efficiency, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101783501","display_name":"Chentao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chentao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016827432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210123185"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97793702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8509014844894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7262458801269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6664113402366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6528007984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6210344433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5934049487113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5746959447860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5523468255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5281034708023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4561149775981903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.45115697383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.42350342869758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20826873183250427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.17389002442359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16279751062393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1396028995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10298934578895569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8509014844894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7262458801269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6664113402366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6528007984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6210344433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5934049487113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5746959447860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5523468255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5281034708023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4561149775981903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.45115697383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.42350342869758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20826873183250427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.17389002442359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16279751062393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1396028995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10298934578895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3010994812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932014,61972246,2018YFB0105203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2765239986","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2808257034","https://openalex.org/W2887443223","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2898040395","https://openalex.org/W2899071560","https://openalex.org/W2917183287","https://openalex.org/W2944812228","https://openalex.org/W2951799221","https://openalex.org/W2960566163","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2971569867","https://openalex.org/W2975903498","https://openalex.org/W2981399413","https://openalex.org/W2983264093","https://openalex.org/W2990464571","https://openalex.org/W3008336424","https://openalex.org/W3011576217","https://openalex.org/W3017072639","https://openalex.org/W3089096050","https://openalex.org/W3129674742","https://openalex.org/W3135497297","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6759625968","https://openalex.org/W6768167848","https://openalex.org/W6783798158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W4221092438","https://openalex.org/W4385335479","https://openalex.org/W2905685817","https://openalex.org/W2730940305","https://openalex.org/W4207020266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,16,40,43,63,70,95,99,105,113,132],"growth":[2],"of":[3,15,26,42,65,73,97,101,118,134],"data":[4,13,32],"scale":[5],"in":[6,29],"mobile":[8],"edge":[9],"computing":[10],"(MEC)":[11],"network,":[12],"security":[14,33,64,76,114,133],"MEC":[17,30,45],"network":[18],"has":[19],"become":[20],"a":[21,51,78],"burning":[22],"concern.":[23],"The":[24],"application":[25],"blockchain":[27,56],"technology":[28],"enhances":[31],"and":[34,54,75,104,115],"privacy":[35],"protection.":[36],"However,":[37],"throughput":[38,74,116,129],"becomes":[39],"bottleneck":[41],"blockchain-enabled":[44],"system.":[46],"Hence,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"novel":[52],"hierarchical":[53],"partitioned":[55],"framework":[57],"to":[58,93],"improve":[59,128],"scalability":[60],"while":[61,130],"guaranteeing":[62],"partitions.":[66,135],"Next,":[67],"we":[68,85,111],"model":[69],"joint":[71],"optimization":[72],"as":[77],"Markov":[79],"decision":[80],"process":[81],"(MDP).":[82],"After":[83],"that,":[84],"adopt":[86],"deep":[87],"reinforcement":[88],"learning":[89],"(DRL)":[90],"based":[91],"algorithms":[92],"obtain":[94],"number":[96],"partitions,":[98],"size":[100],"micro":[102],"blocks":[103],"large":[106],"block":[107],"generation":[108],"interval.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"analyze":[112],"performance":[117],"proposed":[119,125],"schemes.":[120],"Simulation":[121],"results":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"that":[124],"schemes":[126],"can":[127],"ensuring":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
