{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210507265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685820","title":"On using Deep Reinforcement Learning to dynamically derive 5G New Radio TDD pattern","display_name":"On using Deep Reinforcement Learning to dynamically derive 5G New Radio TDD pattern","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210507265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002075376","display_name":"Miloud Bagaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150043","display_name":"CSC - IT Center for Science (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04m8m1253","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150043"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miloud Bagaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd.,Espoo,Finland","CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd., Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd.,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150043"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd., Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066424281","display_name":"Karim Boutiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Boutiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Sophia-Antipolis,France","EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Sophia-Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073729502","display_name":"Adlen Ksentini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-3091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adlen Ksentini","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Sophia-Antipolis,France","EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Sophia-Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93762022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7808223366737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7783772945404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7254748344421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6931215524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.5426038503646851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5421993732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airfield-traffic-pattern","display_name":"Airfield traffic pattern","score":0.5405316352844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.4984574317932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4965999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46460288763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4607471227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45861247181892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13214322924613953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7808223366737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7783772945404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7254748344421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6931215524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.5426038503646851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5421993732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204673680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628107","display_name":"Airfield traffic pattern","level":2,"score":0.5405316352844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.4984574317932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4965999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46460288763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4607471227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45861247181892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13214322924613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972563943","https://openalex.org/W1998422964","https://openalex.org/W2038396771","https://openalex.org/W2095264831","https://openalex.org/W2152507830","https://openalex.org/W2167405700","https://openalex.org/W2882086100","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2910144928","https://openalex.org/W3038366466","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3105432353","https://openalex.org/W3125124781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009061617","https://openalex.org/W2791447276","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W2062000094","https://openalex.org/W3098997128","https://openalex.org/W2948615293","https://openalex.org/W2019653975","https://openalex.org/W2135320451","https://openalex.org/W2504637158","https://openalex.org/W4210507265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,162,189],"deployment":[1],"of":[2,82,113,158,207],"5G":[3,100,121,173],"and":[4,18,38,68,168,199,215],"6G":[5],"is":[6,53,64],"highly":[7],"motivated":[8],"by":[9,219],"the":[10,61,96,106,111,120,131,149,155,159,172,178,185,193,205,208,217],"emerging":[11,44],"network":[12],"services":[13,24],"that":[14,84,145],"demand":[15],"more":[16,34],"band-width":[17],"very":[19],"low":[20],"latency.":[21],"Besides,":[22],"these":[23],"are":[25],"shifting":[26],"from":[27],"dominant":[28,39],"Downlink":[29],"(DL)":[30],"Traffic":[31],"to":[32,48,54,94,108,110,129,148,152,154,176,184,211,221],"a":[33,79,140,197],"equilibrate":[35],"DL/UpLink":[36],"(UL)":[37],"UL":[40,67,116,167],"traffic":[41,114,156,187,222],"for":[42],"specific":[43],"services.":[45],"One":[46],"option":[47],"accommodate":[49],"this":[50,136],"new":[51],"behavior":[52],"use":[55],"Time":[56],"Duplex":[57],"Division":[58],"(TDD),":[59],"where":[60],"radio":[62],"frame":[63],"shared":[65],"between":[66],"DL":[69,169],"time":[70],"slots,":[71],"namely":[72],"UL/DL":[73,97,132,180],"pattern.":[74,98,133],"While":[75],"4G":[76],"TDD":[77],"has":[78],"fixed":[80],"number":[81],"configurations":[83],"cannot":[85],"be":[86],"updated":[87],"on":[88],"runtime,":[89],"5GNR":[90],"allows":[91],"complete":[92],"flexibility":[93],"define":[95],"Therefore,":[99],"base":[101,150,174],"stations":[102],"can":[103],"dynamically":[104],"change":[105],"pattern":[107,157,181,223],"adapt":[109],"type":[112],"(i.e.,":[115],"or":[117,127],"DL).":[118],"However,":[119],"standard":[122],"does":[123],"not":[124],"specify":[125],"algorithms":[126],"solutions":[128],"derive":[130,177],"To":[134],"fill":[135],"gap,":[137],"we":[138],"propose":[139],"Deep":[141],"Reinforcement":[142],"Learning":[143],"(DRL)":[144],"adds":[146],"intelligence":[147],"station":[151,175],"self-adapt":[153],"cell":[160],"type.":[161],"proposed":[163,190,209],"DRL":[164],"algorithm":[165,210],"monitors":[166],"buffers":[170],"at":[171],"optimal":[179,194],"in":[182,196],"respect":[183],"current":[186],"configuration.":[188],"solution":[191],"delivers":[192],"configuration":[195],"timely":[198],"efficient":[200],"manner.":[201],"Simulation":[202],"results":[203],"demonstrated":[204],"efficiency":[206],"avoid":[212],"buffer":[213],"overflow":[214],"ensure":[216],"generality":[218],"reacting":[220],"changes.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}