{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210497226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685617","title":"Delay-Aware Power Control for Downlink Multi-User MIMO via Constrained Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Delay-Aware Power Control for Downlink Multi-User MIMO via Constrained Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210497226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027767633","display_name":"Chang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-1758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59499333","display_name":"Optica","ror":"https://ror.org/00jypd850","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59499333"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Department of Electronics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Department of Electronics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I59499333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001803242","display_name":"Guan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340369","display_name":"An Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-5234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108200040","display_name":"Wu Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59499333","display_name":"Optica","ror":"https://ror.org/00jypd850","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59499333"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Department of Electronics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Department of Electronics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I59499333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.778130292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7106553316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6663863062858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6586673259735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.6042566299438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5648426413536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5626963376998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5602923631668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5245302319526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.4134669899940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.312095582485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3021879494190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2869788110256195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20015263557434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15963825583457947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.778130292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7106553316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6663863062858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6586673259735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.6042566299438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5648426413536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5626963376998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5602923631668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5245302319526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.4134669899940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.312095582485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3021879494190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2869788110256195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20015263557434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15963825583457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1518931405","https://openalex.org/W2065548151","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2164536085","https://openalex.org/W2520733554","https://openalex.org/W2548224532","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2607103741","https://openalex.org/W2995620260","https://openalex.org/W2998838630","https://openalex.org/W3024883403","https://openalex.org/W3199870164","https://openalex.org/W4293545785","https://openalex.org/W4302570325","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6684205842","https://openalex.org/W6737893269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2395708164","https://openalex.org/W2115199292","https://openalex.org/W2391952834","https://openalex.org/W2059864367","https://openalex.org/W1601261305","https://openalex.org/W1984551944","https://openalex.org/W2019012533","https://openalex.org/W2166436816","https://openalex.org/W1763182976","https://openalex.org/W2100100236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,13,22,46,77,107,113,123,129,145,158,166,171],"downlink":[3],"transmission":[4],"for":[5,56],"multi-user":[6],"multi-input":[7],"multi-out":[8],"(MU-MIMO)":[9],"system,":[10],"in":[11,112],"which":[12,72],"regularized":[14],"zero":[15],"forcing":[16],"(RZF)":[17],"precoder":[18],"is":[19,32,63,73,93],"adopted":[20],"and":[21,25,38,109,132],"power":[23,36,49],"allocation":[24,37],"regularization":[26,39],"factor":[27,40],"are":[28],"optimized.":[29],"Our":[30],"aim":[31],"to":[33,52,127,148],"find":[34],"a":[35,66,97,134],"control":[41],"policy":[42,88],"that":[43,138,165],"can":[44,139,169],"minimize":[45],"long-term":[47,53],"average":[48],"consumption":[50],"subject":[51],"delay":[54],"constraint":[55,110],"each":[57,121],"user.":[58],"The":[59,91],"induced":[60],"optimization":[61,89,102],"problem":[62,137],"formulated":[64],"as":[65],"constrained":[67,79],"Markov":[68],"decision":[69],"process":[70],"(CMDP),":[71],"efficiently":[74,141],"solved":[75],"by":[76,105],"proposed":[78],"deep":[80],"reinforcement":[81],"learning":[82],"algorithm,":[83],"called":[84],"successive":[85],"convex":[86,100,117,135],"approximation":[87],"(SCAPO).":[90],"SCAPO":[92,124,146,168],"based":[94],"on":[95],"solving":[96],"sequence":[98],"of":[99],"objective/feasibility":[101],"problems":[103,115],"obtained":[104],"replacing":[106],"objective":[108],"functions":[111],"original":[114],"with":[116],"surrogate":[118,136],"functions.":[119],"At":[120],"iteration,":[122],"merely":[125],"needs":[126],"estimate":[128],"first-order":[130],"information":[131],"solve":[133],"be":[140],"parallel":[142],"tackled.":[143],"Moreover,":[144],"enables":[147],"reuse":[149],"old":[150],"experiences":[151],"from":[152],"previous":[153],"updates,":[154],"thereby":[155],"significantly":[156],"reducing":[157],"implementation":[159],"cost.":[160],"Numerical":[161],"results":[162],"have":[163],"shown":[164],"novel":[167],"achieve":[170],"state-of-the-art":[172],"performance":[173],"over":[174],"advanced":[175],"baselines.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}