{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210555750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685476","title":"A Hierarchical BLE Mesh Network for IoT and Performance Analysis","display_name":"A Hierarchical BLE Mesh Network for IoT and Performance Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210555750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080948863","display_name":"Weikun Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weikun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101962019","display_name":"Weiwei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-5375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103524316","display_name":"Da Jun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527303","display_name":"Feng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101610535","display_name":"Lianfeng Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-3462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianfeng Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102853737","display_name":"Yinong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800943509","display_name":"Aware Global Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013171h84","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800943509"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Multi-media Chip Technology Laboratory","Nanjing West Aware Co., Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Multi-media Chip Technology Laboratory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing West Aware Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800943509"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059731936","display_name":"Yingbin Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingbin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Zgmicro Co., Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Zgmicro Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080948863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4560836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9061999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8134772777557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7937594652175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesh-networking","display_name":"Mesh networking","score":0.6836764812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-mesh-network","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","score":0.607361376285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.49561917781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.49057596921920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.4410651922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4266066551208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33024102449417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.17058205604553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16985467076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.16695547103881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10270741581916809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8134772777557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7937594652175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123691950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25552104","display_name":"Mesh networking","level":3,"score":0.6836764812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31548570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453712","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","level":4,"score":0.607361376285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.49561917781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49057596921920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.4410651922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4266066551208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33024102449417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.17058205604553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16985467076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.16695547103881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10270741581916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7595791698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61741102,U1805262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1859838011","https://openalex.org/W2035557383","https://openalex.org/W2073230023","https://openalex.org/W2077676408","https://openalex.org/W2246793353","https://openalex.org/W2883820455","https://openalex.org/W2912283617","https://openalex.org/W2921125175","https://openalex.org/W2968183638","https://openalex.org/W2979895077","https://openalex.org/W2995263361","https://openalex.org/W3024924290","https://openalex.org/W3037495960","https://openalex.org/W3100893462","https://openalex.org/W6691249623","https://openalex.org/W6785216495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319302693","https://openalex.org/W2003342631","https://openalex.org/W2088516601","https://openalex.org/W2088748318","https://openalex.org/W3118853776","https://openalex.org/W3183712563","https://openalex.org/W2145803479","https://openalex.org/W3113618853","https://openalex.org/W1994262480","https://openalex.org/W4385979213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bluetooth":[0],"Low":[1],"Energy":[2],"(BLE)":[3],"mesh":[4,76,98],"which":[5],"is":[6,37,80,110,139,177],"the":[7,10,18,33,41,48,62,68,71,95,101,107,133,142,148,161,169,174,192,196],"latest":[8],"and":[9,35,57,67,88,97,124,129,151,158,185],"most":[11],"innovative":[12],"network":[13,77,197],"technology":[14],"has":[15,187,198],"deeply":[16],"changed":[17],"connection":[19],"mode":[20],"among":[21],"massive":[22],"BLE":[23,44,49,75,163,175],"devices":[24,50,109],"in":[25,113],"Internet":[26],"of":[27,43,64,70,83,104,136,154,173,202],"Things":[28],"(IoT).":[29],"The":[30,91,165],"study":[31],"on":[32,141,191],"architecture":[34,79,93],"networking":[36,102,127,149,193],"quite":[38],"necessary":[39],"for":[40,54],"development":[42],"Mesh.":[45],"In":[46,146],"IoT,":[47],"are":[51,156],"often":[52],"used":[53],"voice,":[55],"audio":[56],"data":[58],"services.":[59],"To":[60],"satisfy":[61],"demands":[63],"diverse":[65],"services":[66],"mobility":[69],"nodes,":[72],"a":[73,188,199],"hierarchical":[74],"(HBMN)":[78],"proposed":[81],"consisting":[82],"Hub":[84],"Layer,":[85],"Mesh":[86],"Layer":[87],"User":[89],"Layer.":[90],"HBMN":[92,105,155,183,186],"combines":[94],"star-network":[96],"topology.":[99],"Besides,":[100],"process":[103],"from":[106],"unprovisioned":[108],"also":[111],"investigated":[112],"this":[114],"paper.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"two":[117],"important":[118],"performance":[119,190],"measures":[120],"have":[121],"been":[122],"analyzed":[123],"derived":[125],"including":[126],"time":[128,150,194],"single-hop":[130,152,171],"delay.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"access":[134],"delay":[135,153,172],"one":[137],"node":[138],"measured":[140],"nRF52832":[143],"hardware":[144],"platform.":[145],"addition,":[147],"evaluated":[157],"compared":[159],"with":[160],"traditional":[162],"scatternet.":[164],"results":[166],"show":[167],"that":[168],"average":[170],"scatternet":[176],"1.74":[178],"times":[179],"as":[180,182],"long":[181],"averagely":[184],"superior":[189],"when":[195],"large":[200],"number":[201],"devices.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}