{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225782450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685334","title":"Distributed Expectation Propagation Detection for Cell-Free Massive MIMO","display_name":"Distributed Expectation Propagation Detection for Cell-Free Massive MIMO","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225782450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-116381/1/039651_1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044818286","display_name":"Hengtao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-6941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengtao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101837435","display_name":"Hanqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd,Shanghai,China,201206"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd,Shanghai,China,201206","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028609226","display_name":"Xianghao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-8712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433167","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-1898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025467937","display_name":"Shenghui Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-8415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. H. Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079052203","display_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of ECE,Kowloon,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.069,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98254757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7786511182785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7713299989700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7063997387886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6614173054695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo","display_name":"Turbo","score":0.5002865791320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.4427640438079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4417249858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4415932893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3612743020057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19040599465370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1250312626361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09279614686965942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7786511182785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7713299989700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7063997387886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6614173054695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513","display_name":"Turbo","level":2,"score":0.5002865791320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.4427640438079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4417249858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4415932893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3612743020057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19040599465370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1250312626361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09279614686965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-116381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-116381","pdf_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-116381/1/039651_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-116381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-116381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-116381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-116381","pdf_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-116381/1/039651_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225782450.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225782450.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515272691","https://openalex.org/W1992036418","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2152053270","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2592341259","https://openalex.org/W2794190039","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2948231597","https://openalex.org/W2963278460","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2980141162","https://openalex.org/W3103578910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120275292","https://openalex.org/W2070062388","https://openalex.org/W2116478666","https://openalex.org/W2535923291","https://openalex.org/W2593195270","https://openalex.org/W2103764150","https://openalex.org/W2010424581","https://openalex.org/W2111465178","https://openalex.org/W2101836519","https://openalex.org/W2147600706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,14],"cell-free":[1,26],"massive":[2,27],"MIMO":[3],"networks,":[4],"an":[5],"efficient":[6],"distributed":[7,20,103],"detection":[8],"algorithm":[9],"is":[10,31,60,74],"of":[11,33,82,91,107],"significant":[12],"importance.":[13],"this":[15],"paper,":[16],"we":[17],"propose":[18],"a":[19,36,46,88],"expectation":[21],"propagation":[22],"(EP)":[23],"detector":[24,30,86],"for":[25],"MIMO.":[28],"The":[29,54],"composed":[32],"two":[34],"modules,":[35],"nonlinear":[37],"module":[38,48],"at":[39,49],"the":[40,50,66,79,83,98,102],"central":[41],"processing":[42],"unit":[43],"(CPU)":[44],"and":[45,64],"linear":[47],"access":[51],"point":[52],"(AP).":[53],"turbo":[55],"principle":[56],"in":[57,105],"iterative":[58],"decoding":[59],"utilized":[61],"to":[62,77],"compute":[63],"pass":[65],"extrinsic":[67],"information":[68],"between":[69],"modules.":[70],"An":[71],"analytical":[72],"framework":[73],"then":[75],"provided":[76],"characterize":[78],"asymptotic":[80],"performance":[81],"proposed":[84,99],"EP":[85],"with":[87],"large":[89],"number":[90],"antennas.":[92],"Simulation":[93],"results":[94],"will":[95],"show":[96],"that":[97],"method":[100],"outperforms":[101],"detectors":[104],"terms":[106],"bit-error":[108],"rate.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
