{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210539986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685038","title":"Dynamic-subarray with Fixed-true-time-delay Architecture for Terahertz Wideband Hybrid Beamforming","display_name":"Dynamic-subarray with Fixed-true-time-delay Architecture for Terahertz Wideband Hybrid Beamforming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210539986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003926494","display_name":"Longfei Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Longfei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,200240"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,200240","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048916368","display_name":"Chong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,200240"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,200240","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053207353","display_name":"Tao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-6866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099903","display_name":"Nokia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01607kg94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs China, Nokia Shanghai Bell,Shanghai,China,201206"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs China, Nokia Shanghai Bell,Shanghai,China,201206","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091837980","display_name":"Jinhong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-493X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW,Australia,2052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW,Australia,2052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003926494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.978987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8069647550582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.6950516700744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6315714120864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5992169380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5925530791282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5490317344665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25829821825027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22792115807533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16575297713279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15513157844543457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8069647550582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.6950516700744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6315714120864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5992169380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5925530791282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5490317344665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25829821825027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22792115807533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16575297713279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15513157844543457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607714","display_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4306264600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034667789","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2130243781","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2294775169","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2526119406","https://openalex.org/W2567050201","https://openalex.org/W2591812953","https://openalex.org/W2804417686","https://openalex.org/W2808128011","https://openalex.org/W2916692277","https://openalex.org/W2982280489","https://openalex.org/W3010025739","https://openalex.org/W3034646744","https://openalex.org/W3035629103","https://openalex.org/W3043421988","https://openalex.org/W3122155330","https://openalex.org/W3156622738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2105973023","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"beamforming":[1,57],"for":[2,13,102],"Terahertz":[3],"(THz)":[4],"ultra-massive":[5],"MIMO":[6],"(UM-MIMO)":[7],"systems":[8],"is":[9,92,100,135],"a":[10,85,95],"promising":[11],"technology":[12],"6G":[14],"networks,":[15],"which":[16,41],"can":[17],"overcome":[18],"huge":[19],"propagation":[20],"loss":[21],"and":[22,47,124],"offer":[23],"unprecedented":[24],"data":[25,50],"rates.":[26],"With":[27],"ultra-wide":[28],"band-width":[29],"in":[30],"THz":[31],"band,":[32],"the":[33,44,49,53,65,69,103,113,116,128,132,140],"beam":[34,78],"squint":[35,79],"becomes":[36],"one":[37],"of":[38,68],"critical":[39],"problems":[40],"could":[42],"reduce":[43],"array":[45,122],"gain":[46,123],"degrade":[48],"rate.":[51],"However,":[52],"traditional":[54],"phase-shifters-based":[55,129],"hybrid":[56],"architectures":[58],"cannot":[59],"tackle":[60],"this":[61,73,77],"issue":[62],"due":[63],"to":[64,75,139],"frequency-flat":[66],"property":[67],"phase":[70],"shifters.":[71],"In":[72],"paper,":[74],"combat":[76],"yet":[80],"with":[81,88],"reduced":[82],"power":[83],"consumption,":[84],"novel":[86],"dynamic-subarray":[87],"fixed-true-time-delay":[89],"(DS-FTTD)":[90],"architecture":[91,118],"proposed.":[93],"Furthermore,":[94],"low-complexity":[96],"row-decomposition":[97],"(RD)":[98],"algorithm":[99],"developed":[101],"DS-FTTD":[104,117],"architecture.":[105],"Extensive":[106],"simulation":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109],"that,":[110],"by":[111],"using":[112],"RD":[114],"algorithm,":[115],"achieves":[119],"signifi-cantly":[120],"higher":[121],"spectral":[125],"efficiency":[126,134],"than":[127],"architectures.":[130],"Meanwhile,":[131],"energy":[133],"substantially":[136],"improved":[137],"thanks":[138],"low-cost":[141],"FTTDs.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
