{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123808967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322573","title":"Energy-Efficient Hybrid Symbol-Level Precoding via Phase Shifter Selection in mmWave MU-MIMO Systems","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Hybrid Symbol-Level Precoding via Phase Shifter Selection in mmWave MU-MIMO Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123808967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322573","mag":"3123808967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/46382","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058769063","display_name":"Alireza Haqiqatnejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-2543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Haqiqatnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052971777","display_name":"Farbod Kayhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-5435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farbod Kayhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080037825","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Ottersten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Ottersten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058769063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15419227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.8664802312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.6968956589698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6340800523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6316533088684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5771879553794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.5725913643836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.488297700881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4846211373806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4661954939365387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.46225422620773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.4433441162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3262934684753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.28145286440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2274547815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21741265058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1939835548400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.16549363732337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15054810047149658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.8664802312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.6968956589698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6340800523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6316533088684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5771879553794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.5725913643836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.488297700881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4846211373806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4661954939365387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.46225422620773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.4433441162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3262934684753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.28145286440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2274547815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21741265058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1939835548400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.16549363732337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15054810047149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/46382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/46382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/46382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/46382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7339118552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C16/IS/11332341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332593","funder_display_name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332593","display_name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2137628444","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2152481521","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2329274862","https://openalex.org/W2512356150","https://openalex.org/W2517686986","https://openalex.org/W2792345893","https://openalex.org/W2796251028","https://openalex.org/W2805890223","https://openalex.org/W2903399190","https://openalex.org/W2946071064","https://openalex.org/W2955741225","https://openalex.org/W2962973036","https://openalex.org/W2970558462","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W6725872789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2082469387","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2083202929","https://openalex.org/W2064335375","https://openalex.org/W1985632843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,20,54],"address":[1],"the":[2,8,57,62,65,76,82,87,95,106,110,114,126,134,147,151,160,176,180,185,188],"symbol-level":[3,70,116],"precoding":[4,182],"design":[5],"problem":[6],"for":[7,144,159],"downlink":[9],"of":[10,41,64,133,150,179],"a":[11,22,31,51,69],"multiuser":[12],"millimeter":[13],"wave":[14],"(mmWave)":[15],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"wireless":[18],"system.":[19],"consider":[21],"hybrid":[23,115,181],"analog-digital":[24],"architecture":[25],"with":[26],"phase":[27,47,135],"shifter":[28],"selection":[29],"where":[30],"small-sized":[32],"baseband":[33,59],"precoder":[34,60],"is":[35,90,103,119],"followed":[36],"by":[37,73],"two":[38],"successive":[39],"networks":[40],"analog":[42,161],"on-off":[43],"switches":[44],"and":[45,61,81,113,187],"variable":[46],"shifters":[48,136],"according":[49],"to":[50,99,104,130,184],"fully-connected":[52],"structure.":[53],"jointly":[55],"optimize":[56],"digital":[58],"states":[63],"switching":[66],"network":[67,89],"on":[68,94,141],"basis,":[71],"i.e.,":[72],"exploiting":[74],"both":[75],"channel":[77],"state":[78],"information":[79],"(CSI)":[80],"instantaneous":[83],"data":[84],"symbols,":[85],"while":[86],"phase-shifting":[88,152],"designed":[91],"only":[92],"based":[93],"CSI.":[96],"Our":[97],"approach":[98],"this":[100,170],"joint":[101],"optimization":[102],"minimize":[105],"Euclidean":[107],"distance":[108],"between":[109],"optimal":[111],"fully-digital":[112,186],"precoders.":[117],"It":[118],"shown":[120],"via":[121],"numerical":[122],"results":[123],"that":[124,169],"using":[125],"proposed":[127],"approach,":[128],"up":[129],"50":[131],"percent":[132],"can":[137,173],"be":[138],"switched":[139],"off":[140],"average,":[142],"allowing":[143],"reductions":[145],"in":[146],"power":[148,156,171],"consumption":[149,157],"network.":[153],"Adopting":[154],"appropriate":[155],"models":[158],"precoder,":[162],"our":[163],"energy":[164,177],"efficiency":[165,178],"analysis":[166],"further":[167],"shows":[168],"reduction":[172],"substantially":[174],"improve":[175],"compared":[183],"state-of-the-art":[189],"schemes.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}