{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125048251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322561","title":"AirID: Injecting a Custom RF Fingerprint for Enhanced UAV Identification using Deep Learning","display_name":"AirID: Injecting a Custom RF Fingerprint for Enhanced UAV Identification using Deep Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125048251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322561","mag":"3125048251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082318381","display_name":"Subhramoy Mohanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhramoy Mohanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038366215","display_name":"Nasim Soltani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-653X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasim Soltani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003603219","display_name":"Kunal Sankhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4762-5310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunal Sankhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056358203","display_name":"Dheryta Jaisinghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-5481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dheryta Jaisinghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032452851","display_name":"Marco Di Felice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-7597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Di Felice","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080483470","display_name":"Kaushik Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-2622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92980895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7206008434295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7058414220809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7046837210655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6991990804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6257233619689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5579464435577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5377249121665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5079672932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.47402527928352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4530198574066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45170605182647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44626447558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4431186318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.43442052602767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4234033226966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39098483324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22422924637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1809113323688507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7206008434295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7058414220809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7046837210655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6991990804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6257233619689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5579464435577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5377249121665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5079672932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.47402527928352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4530198574066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45170605182647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44626447558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4431186318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.43442052602767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4234033226966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39098483324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22422924637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1809113323688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/809375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/809375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1416119019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1923789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1217034487","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1965238475","https://openalex.org/W2395288210","https://openalex.org/W2586992378","https://openalex.org/W2602191071","https://openalex.org/W2626519255","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2958672276","https://openalex.org/W2994792572","https://openalex.org/W6637373629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W4389371618","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W2148654711","https://openalex.org/W2608025327","https://openalex.org/W1621827506","https://openalex.org/W289790619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,20,30,48,159],"framework":[3],"called":[4,22],"AirID":[5,67,86,122],"that":[6,82,96],"identifies":[7],"friendly/authorized":[8],"UAVs":[9,112],"using":[10,89],"RF":[11,24,129],"signals":[12],"emitted":[13],"by":[14],"radios":[15],"mounted":[16,107],"on":[17,108,134,138],"them":[18],"through":[19,47],"technique":[21],"as":[23,98,104,106,118,142],"fingerprinting.":[25],"Our":[26],"main":[27],"contribution":[28],"is":[29,87,146],"method":[31],"of":[32,71,127,163],"intentionally":[33],"inserting":[34],"`signatures'":[35],"in":[36,78,132],"the":[37,55,60,69,75,79,115,124,143,169],"transmitted":[38,80],"I/Q":[39],"samples":[40],"from":[41],"each":[42],"UAV,":[43],"which":[44],"are":[45],"detected":[46],"deep":[49],"convolutional":[50],"neural":[51],"network":[52],"(CNN)":[53],"at":[54],"physical":[56],"layer,":[57],"without":[58],"affecting":[59],"ongoing":[61],"UAV":[62,102],"data":[63],"communication":[64,161],"process.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"addresses":[68],"challenge":[70],"how":[72],"to":[73,113],"overcome":[74],"channel-induced":[76],"perturbations":[77],"signal":[81],"lowers":[83],"identification":[84,116,152],"accuracy.":[85],"implemented":[88],"Ettus":[90],"B200mini":[91],"Software":[92],"Defined":[93],"Radios":[94],"(SDRs)":[95],"serve":[97],"both":[99],"static":[100],"ground":[101],"identifiers,":[103],"well":[105],"DJI":[109],"Matrice":[110],"M100":[111],"perform":[114],"collaboratively":[117],"an":[119],"aerial":[120,144],"swarm.":[121],"tackles":[123],"well-known":[125],"problem":[126],"low":[128],"fingerprinting":[130],"accuracy":[131,153],"`train":[133],"one":[135],"day":[136],"test":[137],"another":[139],"day'":[140],"conditions":[141],"environment":[145],"constantly":[147],"changing.":[148],"Results":[149],"reveal":[150],"98%":[151],"for":[154,168],"authorized":[155],"UAVs,":[156],"while":[157],"maintaining":[158],"stable":[160],"BER":[162],"10":[164],"<sup":[165],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-4</sup>":[167],"evaluated":[170],"cases.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}