{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121960503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322373","title":"Power-Efficient Formation of UAV Swarm: Just Like Flying Birds?","display_name":"Power-Efficient Formation of UAV Swarm: Just Like Flying Birds?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121960503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322373","mag":"3121960503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054150827","display_name":"Honggu Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-8641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggu Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078389333","display_name":"Jingon Joung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingon Joung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062994489","display_name":"Joonhyuk Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-3742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonhyuk Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95367198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.8504993915557861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6955133676528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6771231889724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5461668372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4871823191642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.4821762442588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4393289387226105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4227233827114105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4149826765060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39778444170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.24535968899726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.20491716265678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1786615252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1769219934940338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1705315113067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15440884232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11078077554702759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.8504993915557861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6955133676528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6771231889724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5461668372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4871823191642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4821762442588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4393289387226105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4227233827114105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4149826765060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39778444170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.24535968899726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.20491716265678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1786615252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1769219934940338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1705315113067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15440884232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11078077554702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1247471324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B2012698,2018R1A4A1023826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620426124","https://openalex.org/W1487444668","https://openalex.org/W1983372705","https://openalex.org/W1995666505","https://openalex.org/W2001715686","https://openalex.org/W2023086460","https://openalex.org/W2072599023","https://openalex.org/W2089391391","https://openalex.org/W2101727634","https://openalex.org/W2110323470","https://openalex.org/W2126508692","https://openalex.org/W2144778327","https://openalex.org/W2158491950","https://openalex.org/W2161473225","https://openalex.org/W2577541407","https://openalex.org/W2795603418","https://openalex.org/W2922832438","https://openalex.org/W2944398350","https://openalex.org/W2951073716","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2996540791","https://openalex.org/W4301621763","https://openalex.org/W6619554138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801840707","https://openalex.org/W2972785471","https://openalex.org/W1535238821","https://openalex.org/W105457568","https://openalex.org/W2734197697","https://openalex.org/W3015597508","https://openalex.org/W2171343370","https://openalex.org/W4200015096","https://openalex.org/W3004793311","https://openalex.org/W2014360521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"unmanned":[1],"aerial":[2],"vehicles":[3],"(UAVs)":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"the":[7,21,47,65,81,92,104,112,124,131,142,155,159,167,171,176],"subject":[8],"of":[9,23,29,67,83,106,109,130,154],"much":[10],"attention,":[11],"and":[12,89,111,128,134,165,178],"UAV":[13,32,84,132,138,156],"swarms":[14,33,85],"are":[15,49,117],"a":[16,24,36,136,179],"promising":[17],"solution":[18],"to":[19,38,77,103,163,175],"resolve":[20],"limitations":[22],"single":[25],"UAV.":[26],"In":[27,74],"terms":[28],"aerodynamics,":[30],"fixed-wing":[31],"fly":[34],"in":[35,46,51],"V-formation":[37,48,177],"reduce":[39],"their":[40],"energy":[41],"usage":[42],"via":[43],"upwash.":[44],"UAVs":[45,110],"typically":[50],"close":[52],"proximity,":[53],"reducing":[54],"power":[55,107,160,172],"consumption":[56,108,161],"aerodynamically.":[57],"However,":[58],"these":[59],"formations":[60],"lack":[61],"spatial":[62],"separability,":[63],"degrading":[64],"performance":[66],"communication":[68],"employing":[69,91],"non-orthogonal":[70],"multiple":[71,95],"access":[72,96],"schemes.":[73],"this":[75,79],"paper,":[76],"tackle":[78],"problem,":[80],"formation":[82,129,153],"considering":[86],"both":[87],"aerodynamics":[88],"communications":[90,164],"beam":[93],"division":[94],"(BDMA)":[97],"scheme":[98],"is":[99,145],"examined.":[100],"Problems":[101],"related":[102,162],"minimization":[105],"ground":[113],"control":[114],"station":[115],"(GCS)":[116],"formulated":[118],"separately,":[119],"after":[120],"which":[121],"we":[122],"optimize":[123],"beamforming":[125],"vector,":[126],"power,":[127],"swarm":[133,139,157],"propose":[135],"novel":[137],"formation,":[140],"termed":[141],"O-formation,":[143],"that":[144,152,166],"power-efficient":[146],"for":[147],"communications.":[148],"Numerical":[149],"results":[150],"show":[151],"affects":[158],"proposed":[168],"O-formation":[169],"improves":[170],"efficiency":[173],"compared":[174],"random":[180],"formation.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}