{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009570630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014103","title":"Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Localization with Commercial mmWave WiFi - Part II: Spatial Beam SNRs","display_name":"Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Localization with Commercial mmWave WiFi - Part II: Spatial Beam SNRs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009570630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014103","mag":"3009570630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014103","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383518","display_name":"Pu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4718-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042113276","display_name":"Milutin Pajovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-017X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milutin Pajovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023338067","display_name":"Toshiaki Koike\u2013Akino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-5372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiaki Koike-Akino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068479157","display_name":"Haijian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-147X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044769104","display_name":"Philip V. Orlik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip V. Orlik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96960507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7228093147277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6977919340133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5993752479553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5929684042930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5293442010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4670124650001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.460989773273468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4308001399040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4279704988002777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4238573908805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3552078902721405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32825160026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.27471375465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25783300399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1681993305683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11666005849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10463008284568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10040980577468872}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228093147277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6977919340133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5993752479553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5929684042930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5293442010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4670124650001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.460989773273468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4308001399040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4279704988002777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4238573908805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3552078902721405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32825160026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27471375465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25783300399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1681993305683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11666005849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10463008284568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10040980577468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014103","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977917536","https://openalex.org/W1994961964","https://openalex.org/W2008105706","https://openalex.org/W2044846595","https://openalex.org/W2047024541","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2128190945","https://openalex.org/W2135394914","https://openalex.org/W2166625423","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2240192984","https://openalex.org/W2309512289","https://openalex.org/W2546700599","https://openalex.org/W2551222976","https://openalex.org/W2608083159","https://openalex.org/W2753866421","https://openalex.org/W2767057835","https://openalex.org/W2793517739","https://openalex.org/W2797116568","https://openalex.org/W2954702219","https://openalex.org/W2964064295","https://openalex.org/W4254301692","https://openalex.org/W6662368100","https://openalex.org/W6690274725","https://openalex.org/W6746125501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2519329692","https://openalex.org/W4286787716","https://openalex.org/W2270192484","https://openalex.org/W3035129152","https://openalex.org/W4287854872","https://openalex.org/W3089263585","https://openalex.org/W4313886786","https://openalex.org/W2372809805","https://openalex.org/W2963676394","https://openalex.org/W3115615240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"fingerprint-based":[1],"indoor":[2],"localization":[3],"uses":[4],"either":[5],"fine-grained":[6],"channel":[7,36],"state":[8],"information":[9],"(CSI)":[10],"from":[11,23,166],"the":[12,24,49,56,63,123,129,135],"physical":[13],"layer":[14],"or":[15],"coarse-grained":[16],"received":[17],"signal":[18],"strength":[19],"indicator":[20],"(RSSI)":[21],"measurements":[22,92],"MAC":[25],"layer.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"propose":[31],"to":[32,61,174],"use":[33],"an":[34,94,147],"intermediate":[35],"measurement":[37],"-":[38,60],"spatial":[39],"beam":[40,50,90,119,182],"signal-to-noise":[41],"ratios":[42],"(SNRs)":[43],"that":[44,122],"are":[45,107,160],"inherently":[46],"available":[47],"during":[48,97],"training":[51,183],"phase":[52],"as":[53],"defined":[54],"in":[55,93],"IEEE":[57],"802.11ad":[58],"standard":[59],"construct":[62],"feature":[64],"space":[65],"for":[66,139],"location-and-orientation-dependent":[67],"fingerprinting":[68],"database.":[69],"We":[70],"build":[71],"a":[72],"60GHz":[73],"experimental":[74],"platform":[75],"consisting":[76],"of":[77,151,156],"three":[78],"access":[79],"points":[80],"and":[81,87,104,154],"one":[82],"client":[83],"using":[84,109,117],"commercial-off-the-shelf":[85],"routers":[86],"collect":[88],"realworld":[89],"SNR":[91],"office":[95,99],"environment":[96],"regular":[98],"hours.":[100],"Both":[101],"position/orientation":[102],"classification":[103,124],"coordinate":[105,144,158],"estimation":[106,145],"considered":[108],"classic":[110],"machine":[111],"learning":[112],"approaches.":[113],"Comprehensive":[114],"performance":[115],"evaluation":[116],"real-world":[118],"SNRs":[120],"demonstrates":[121],"accuracy":[125,136],"is":[126,131,137,184],"99.8%":[127],"if":[128],"location":[130],"only":[132],"interested,":[133],"while":[134],"98.6%":[138],"simultaneous":[140],"position-and-orientations":[141],"classification.":[142],"Direct":[143],"gives":[146],"average":[148],"root-mean-square":[149],"error":[150],"17.52":[152],"cm":[153,164],"95%":[155],"all":[157],"estimates":[159],"less":[161],"than":[162],"26.90":[163],"away":[165],"corresponding":[167],"true":[168],"locations.":[169],"This":[170],"concept":[171],"directly":[172],"applies":[173],"other":[175],"mmWave":[176],"band":[177],"(e.g.,":[178],"5G)":[179],"devices":[180],"where":[181],"also":[185],"required.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
