{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007621123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014069","title":"Targeted Malicious Email Detection Using Hypervisor-Based Dynamic Analysis and Ensemble Learning","display_name":"Targeted Malicious Email Detection Using Hypervisor-Based Dynamic Analysis and Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007621123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014069","mag":"3007621123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409970","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5163-5458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, College of Cyber Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, College of Cyber Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683","https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036914872","display_name":"Wenzhen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076665590","display_name":"Liangyi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-8733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangyi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040254783","display_name":"Zhaojun Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-0951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28813325","display_name":"Civil Aviation University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/03je71k37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojun Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Evaluation Center of Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Evaluation Center of Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088899975","display_name":"Wu Jeffrey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiaxing Chenxiang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiaxing Chenxiang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70671423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8200862407684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.589201033115387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5163120627403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.4878111183643341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.4813326299190521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47757819294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4396756887435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.425419420003891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4212362766265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3620480000972748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22286725044250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19574886560440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.08420106768608093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8200862407684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.589201033115387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5163120627403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.4878111183643341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.4813326299190521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47757819294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4396756887435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.425419420003891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4212362766265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3620480000972748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22286725044250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19574886560440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.08420106768608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107464443","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1813040609","https://openalex.org/W1903860135","https://openalex.org/W2019731328","https://openalex.org/W2039641042","https://openalex.org/W2069350935","https://openalex.org/W2086528183","https://openalex.org/W2087740020","https://openalex.org/W2094776491","https://openalex.org/W2134750673","https://openalex.org/W2149886445","https://openalex.org/W2224734417","https://openalex.org/W2229662347","https://openalex.org/W2284378730","https://openalex.org/W2500391379","https://openalex.org/W2524841068","https://openalex.org/W2594125367","https://openalex.org/W2781591120","https://openalex.org/W2801996842","https://openalex.org/W2805346584","https://openalex.org/W2811351304","https://openalex.org/W4240840618","https://openalex.org/W6695333886","https://openalex.org/W6753003996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149202530","https://openalex.org/W2807822918","https://openalex.org/W2921723332","https://openalex.org/W2401656370","https://openalex.org/W2482950156","https://openalex.org/W2305322260","https://openalex.org/W3042334625","https://openalex.org/W3139248031","https://openalex.org/W4200017362","https://openalex.org/W2388600609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"email":[2,26,69,79,115,133,167],"is":[3,28,65,74,235],"still":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,20,41,51,113,165,214,220,227,246],"the":[7,18,129,132,135,140,144,149,162,166,169,207,238,247],"most":[8,245],"frequently":[9],"used":[10],"communication":[11],"tools":[12],"for":[13,77,124,199],"organizations":[14],"and":[15,62,102,142,154,178,191,222,244],"individuals.":[16],"With":[17],"leakage":[19],"personal":[21,45],"privacy":[22],"information,":[23,46],"targeted":[24,32],"malicious":[25,87,93,96,114,125],"(TME)":[27],"becoming":[29],"a":[30,58,120,195],"prominent":[31],"cyber":[33],"attack":[34,42],"vector":[35],"in":[36,134],"today's":[37],"Internet.":[38],"This":[39],"type":[40,112],"often":[43,91],"uses":[44],"about":[47],"an":[48,54,212],"individual,":[49],"group":[50],"individuals,":[52],"or":[53,95],"organization,":[55],"to":[56,67,82,106,160,182,193,237],"make":[57],"TME":[59,64,201],"more":[60],"believable":[61],"personalized.":[63],"effective":[66],"penetrate":[68],"defense":[70],"system":[71],"because":[72],"it":[73],"fundamentally":[75],"difficult":[76],"traditional":[78],"security":[80],"method":[81,123,177,234],"distinguish":[83],"legitimate":[84],"emails":[85],"from":[86],"emails.":[88],"And":[89,146],"TMEs":[90],"contain":[92],"URLs":[94],"attachments,":[97],"which":[98],"are":[99],"extremely":[100],"aggressive":[101],"destructive.":[103],"In":[104,229],"order":[105],"effectively":[107],"deal":[108],"with":[109,211],"this":[110,117],"new":[111],"attack,":[116],"paper":[118],"proposes":[119],"dynamic":[121,163],"detection":[122,209,233],"email.":[126],"We":[127],"simulate":[128],"recipient":[130],"opening":[131],"virtual":[136,150],"machine":[137,151],"(VM),":[138],"accessing":[139],"URL":[141],"activating":[143],"attachment.":[145],"we":[147,172],"use":[148,173],"introspection":[152],"(VMI)":[153],"memory":[155],"forensics":[156],"analysis":[157],"(MFA)":[158],"technology":[159],"obtain":[161],"features":[164],"by":[168],"out-of-VM.":[170],"Then":[171],"AdaBoostM1":[174,204],"ensemble":[175],"learning":[176],"Voting":[179],"combination":[180],"strategy":[181],"combine":[183],"three":[184],"base":[185],"classifiers":[186],"such":[187],"as":[188],"BayesNet,":[189],"SMO":[190],"J48":[192],"build":[194],"powerful":[196],"classification":[197],"model":[198],"detecting":[200],"attacks.":[202],"The":[203],"classifier":[205],"achieved":[206],"high":[208],"rates,":[210],"AUC":[213],"0.997,":[215,221],"true":[216],"positive":[217,224],"rate":[218,225],"(TPR)":[219],"false":[223],"(FPR)":[226],"0.015.":[228],"addition,":[230],"our":[231],"proposed":[232],"superior":[236],"56":[239],"anti-virus":[240],"engines":[241],"on":[242],"VirusTotal":[243],"existing":[248],"research":[249],"works.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}