{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010632424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013951","title":"CNN-Based Respiration Rate Estimation in Indoor Environments via MIMO FMCW Radar","display_name":"CNN-Based Respiration Rate Estimation in Indoor Environments via MIMO FMCW Radar","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010632424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013951","mag":"3010632424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013951","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008604168","display_name":"Kohei Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-3566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohei Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066312369","display_name":"Kentaroh Toyoda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091207","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f44np30","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["JP","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaroh Toyoda","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR, SIMTech, Singapore","Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR, SIMTech, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016337773","display_name":"Tomoaki Ohtsuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoaki Ohtsuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer, Science Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer, Science Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87245157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6782680749893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6712363362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.6332787275314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.5335277915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.49744370579719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4414971172809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.4316478371620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4033651053905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.38867515325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3356253504753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2829980254173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10483190417289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.09596925973892212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6782680749893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6712363362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.6332787275314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.5335277915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.49744370579719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4414971172809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4316478371620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4033651053905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.38867515325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3356253504753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2829980254173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10483190417289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.09596925973892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013951","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002261403","https://openalex.org/W2085522395","https://openalex.org/W2090269566","https://openalex.org/W2097721391","https://openalex.org/W2147272903","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2414064918","https://openalex.org/W2565837874","https://openalex.org/W2616275323","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2734845228","https://openalex.org/W2790954537","https://openalex.org/W2808702971","https://openalex.org/W2905640213","https://openalex.org/W6757785111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W4296425733","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W4352982730","https://openalex.org/W2103897432","https://openalex.org/W604796468","https://openalex.org/W2027415419","https://openalex.org/W3185046528","https://openalex.org/W2158590228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Respiration":[0],"is":[1,29,116,119,174,201],"known":[2],"to":[3,11,121,132,213,236],"reflect":[4],"our":[5],"health":[6],"condition,":[7],"which":[8],"motivates":[9],"researchers":[10],"develop":[12],"various":[13,150],"radar-based":[14],"respiration":[15,48,90,183,244],"rate":[16,49],"estimation":[17,50],"methods.":[18],"However,":[19,103],"these":[20],"conventional":[21],"methods":[22],"do":[23],"not":[24,30,228],"work,":[25],"when":[26,105,225],"a":[27,42,56,81,100,159,193,232],"subject":[28],"right":[31],"in":[32,52,128,143],"front":[33],"of":[34,75,136,158,198,203,247],"the":[35,72,78,89,96,106,123,126,133,144,155,169,178,182,196,204,214,218,238,243,248],"radar.":[36,65],"In":[37],"this":[38,141],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,220],"propose":[41],"novel":[43],"CNN":[44,179],"(Convolutional":[45],"Neural":[46],"Network)-based":[47],"method":[51,240],"indoor":[53,129],"environments":[54,130],"via":[55],"MIMO":[57,67,82,160],"(Multiple-Input":[58],"Multiple-Output)":[59],"FMCW":[60,68,83,161],"(Frequency":[61],"Modulated":[62],"Continuous":[63],"Wave)":[64],"A":[66],"radar":[69,84],"can":[70,91],"estimate":[71,122],"DoA":[73,124],"(Direction":[74],"Arrival)":[76],"and":[77,85,125,163,190],"distance":[79,127],"between":[80],"an":[86],"object.":[87],"Thus,":[88],"be":[92],"captured":[93],"based":[94],"on":[95],"phase":[97,147,170],"variation":[98],"at":[99],"subject's":[101,233],"location.":[102],"even":[104],"advanced":[107],"signal":[108],"processing,":[109],"e.g.,":[110,185],"MUSIC":[111],"(MUltiple":[112],"SIgnal":[113],"Classification)":[114],"algorithm,":[115],"used,":[117],"it":[118],"difficult":[120],"due":[131,235],"large":[134],"effect":[135,197],"multipath.":[137],"To":[138],"deal":[139],"with":[140],"problem,":[142],"proposed":[145,239],"method,":[146],"variations":[148],"against":[149],"locations":[151],"are":[152,166],"calculated":[153,167],"from":[154,168],"received":[156],"signals":[157],"radar,":[162],"then":[164],"spectrograms":[165],"variations.":[171],"Each":[172],"spectrogram":[173,194],"subsequently":[175],"fed":[176],"into":[177],"that":[180,208,222],"outputs":[181],"rates,":[184],"0.1":[186],"Hz,":[187,189],"0.2":[188],"non-respiration,":[191],"i.e.,":[192],"without":[195],"respiration,":[199],"where":[200],"one":[202],"deep":[205],"learning":[206],"techniques":[207],"have":[209],"been":[210],"successfully":[211],"applied":[212],"image":[215],"recognition.":[216],"Through":[217],"experiments":[219],"confirmed":[221],"except":[223],"for":[224],"microwaves":[226],"were":[227],"transmitted":[229],"directly":[230],"toward":[231],"chest":[234],"furniture,":[237],"accurately":[241],"estimated":[242],"rate,":[245],"regardless":[246],"situation.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}