{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009085159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013558","title":"User Behavior Classification in Encrypted Cloud Camera Traffic","display_name":"User Behavior Classification in Encrypted Cloud Camera Traffic","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009085159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013558","mag":"3009085159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024935562","display_name":"Jibao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jibao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101031616","display_name":"Zigang Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zigang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023971852","display_name":"Cuicui Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8285-0843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuicui Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115601598","display_name":"Gang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-6521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81026641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8235236406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6633861660957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5818802118301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5602006912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.537721574306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.4972136318683624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4539482593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airfield-traffic-pattern","display_name":"Airfield traffic pattern","score":0.43436217308044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.4284314215183258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42725133895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"Traffic analysis","score":0.41705769300460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.4150669276714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36986327171325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36469537019729614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8235236406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6633861660957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5818802118301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5602006912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.537721574306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.4972136318683624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4539482593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204673680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628107","display_name":"Airfield traffic pattern","level":2,"score":0.43436217308044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.4284314215183258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42725133895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.41705769300460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.4150669276714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36986327171325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36469537019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524496078","https://openalex.org/W1615704268","https://openalex.org/W2032591930","https://openalex.org/W2073089243","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2184384442","https://openalex.org/W2291324458","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2476602007","https://openalex.org/W2806322154","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W3207927929","https://openalex.org/W4301866626","https://openalex.org/W6696866279","https://openalex.org/W7047318567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3171671300","https://openalex.org/W4293088549","https://openalex.org/W2964663688","https://openalex.org/W3007491104","https://openalex.org/W4399181772","https://openalex.org/W3130174800","https://openalex.org/W3205825343","https://openalex.org/W4296473472","https://openalex.org/W2355762058","https://openalex.org/W2141958076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Home":[0],"surveillance":[1,83,99],"cameras":[2,23],"have":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6,138],"in":[7],"recent":[8],"years,":[9],"however,":[10],"what":[11],"comes":[12],"next":[13],"is":[14,53,72,191],"the":[15,35,41,82,116,153,158,178,198],"increasing":[16],"events":[17],"of":[18,98,105,124,130,141,166,173],"users'":[19,67,145,179],"privacy":[20,78,213],"disclosure.":[21],"Most":[22],"use":[24],"video":[25,47,56,100,188],"compression":[26],"technologies":[27],"such":[28,109],"as":[29,66,110],"H.26X":[30],"and":[31,133,157,168],"MPEG":[32],"to":[33,43,64,75,120,143,210],"reduce":[34],"stream":[36],"size":[37],"during":[38],"transmission":[39],"on":[40,86],"purpose":[42],"transfer":[44],"higher":[45],"definition(HD)":[46],"with":[48],"limited":[49],"bandwidth.":[50],"Although":[51],"traffic":[52,62,84,87],"encrypted,":[54],"these":[55],"differential":[57],"encoding":[58],"techniques":[59],"can":[60,161,182],"cause":[61],"patterns":[63],"change":[65],"behavior":[68,79],"changes.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"it":[71],"very":[73],"meaningful":[74],"mine":[76],"user":[77,212],"hidden":[80],"behind":[81],"based":[85],"statistical":[88,135],"features.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91,201],"paper,":[92],"we":[93,137],"collected":[94],"a":[95,139,163,192],"large":[96],"amount":[97],"traffic,":[101,189],"including":[102],"9":[103],"kinds":[104],"daily":[106,146,180],"life":[107,147],"behaviors,":[108],"watching":[111],"TV,":[112],"switching":[113],"door,":[114],"sweeping":[115],"floor,":[117],"etc.":[118],"According":[119],"frequency":[121],"distribution":[122],"sequences":[123],"packet":[125,131],"length,":[126],"probability":[127],"transition":[128],"matrix":[129],"length":[132],"other":[134],"features,":[136],"variety":[140],"models":[142],"classify":[144],"behaviors.":[148],"The":[149,171],"results":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152,177],"random":[154],"forest":[155],"classifier":[156,160],"AlexNet":[159],"achieve":[162],"macro-averaging":[164],"F1-score":[165],"97.23%":[167],"97.89%":[169],"respectively.":[170],"performance":[172],"our":[174],"approach":[175],"reveals":[176],"routine":[181],"be":[183],"accurately":[184],"constructed":[185],"only":[186],"through":[187],"which":[190],"potentially":[193],"huge":[194],"security":[195],"issue":[196],"for":[197,207],"users.":[199],"Moreover,":[200],"work":[202],"has":[203],"important":[204],"reference":[205],"value":[206],"camera":[208],"manufacturers":[209],"improve":[211],"protection.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}