{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010561271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013498","title":"Learning-Based Offloading of Tasks with Diverse Delay Sensitivities for Mobile Edge Computing","display_name":"Learning-Based Offloading of Tasks with Diverse Delay Sensitivities for Mobile Edge Computing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010561271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013498","mag":"3010561271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013498","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101827632","display_name":"Tianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-5096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","display_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","ror":"https://ror.org/0516ah480","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tokyo, Japan","Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045076067","display_name":"Yi-Han Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-3120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Han Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074290416","display_name":"Cristian Borcea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-0910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Borcea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037098061","display_name":"Yusheng Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-8491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","display_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","ror":"https://ror.org/0516ah480","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusheng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tokyo, Japan","Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8839210271835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7424297332763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6367599368095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6018220782279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6007959842681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5800315141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5567613244056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5363285541534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5340498685836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5289896726608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5278142690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.45238757133483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4475753605365753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34501928091049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23106902837753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1909036636352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.15307193994522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08202716708183289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8839210271835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7424297332763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6367599368095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6018220782279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6007959842681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5800315141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5567613244056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5363285541534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5340498685836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5289896726608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5278142690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.45238757133483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4475753605365753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34501928091049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23106902837753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1909036636352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.15307193994522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08202716708183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013498","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3084886263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002261897741904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W914916633","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1904504745","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2551680577","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2599106590","https://openalex.org/W2625473126","https://openalex.org/W2626588362","https://openalex.org/W2741953454","https://openalex.org/W2745868649","https://openalex.org/W2784080445","https://openalex.org/W2787402275","https://openalex.org/W2808381205","https://openalex.org/W2828807147","https://openalex.org/W2851456136","https://openalex.org/W2880916721","https://openalex.org/W2893733132","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3106445841","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6692846177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3139051647","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W2968424451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ever-evolving":[1],"mobile":[2,20,48],"applications":[3],"need":[4],"more":[5,7],"and":[6,14,40,92,124,140,182],"computing":[8,38,50],"resources":[9],"to":[10,27,34,55,71,128],"smooth":[11],"user":[12],"experience":[13],"sometimes":[15],"meet":[16],"delay":[17,81,99,120,161],"requirements.":[18],"Therefore,":[19],"devices":[21],"(MDs)":[22],"are":[23],"gradually":[24],"having":[25],"difficulties":[26],"complete":[28],"all":[29],"tasks":[30,95,126,139],"in":[31,177],"time":[32],"due":[33],"the":[35,88,97,118,130,141,148,159,170],"limitations":[36],"of":[37,85,90,101,137,143,158,163,179],"power":[39],"battery":[41],"life.":[42],"To":[43],"cope":[44],"with":[45,57,79],"this":[46,104],"problem,":[47],"edge":[49,64],"(MEC)":[51],"systems":[52],"were":[53],"created":[54],"help":[56],"task":[58,74],"processing":[59],"for":[60],"MDs":[61],"at":[62],"nearby":[63],"servers.":[65],"Existing":[66],"works":[67],"have":[68],"been":[69],"devoted":[70],"solving":[72],"MEC":[73],"offloading":[75],"problems,":[76],"including":[77],"those":[78],"simple":[80],"constraints,":[82],"but":[83],"most":[84],"them":[86],"neglect":[87],"coexistence":[89],"deadline-constrained":[91,138],"delay-":[93],"sensitive":[94],"(i.e.,":[96],"diverse":[98,119,160],"sensitivities":[100,121,162],"tasks).":[102],"In":[103],"paper,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"an":[108],"actor-critic":[109],"based":[110],"deep":[111],"reinforcement":[112],"learning":[113],"(ADRL)":[114],"model":[115,150],"that":[116,156,169],"takes":[117],"into":[122],"account":[123],"offloads":[125],"adaptively":[127],"minimize":[129],"total":[131,180],"penalty":[132],"caused":[133],"by":[134],"deadline":[135],"misses":[136],"lateness":[142],"delay-sensitive":[144],"tasks.":[145,164],"We":[146],"train":[147],"ADRL":[149],"using":[151],"a":[152],"real":[153],"data":[154],"set":[155],"consists":[157],"Our":[165],"simulation":[166],"results":[167],"show":[168],"proposed":[171],"solution":[172],"outperforms":[173],"several":[174],"heuristic":[175],"algorithms":[176],"terms":[178],"penalty,":[181],"it":[183],"also":[184],"retains":[185],"its":[186],"performance":[187],"gains":[188],"under":[189],"different":[190],"system":[191],"settings.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}