{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971421487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013433","title":"Programmable Wireless Channel for Multi-User MIMO Transmission Using Meta-Surface","display_name":"Programmable Wireless Channel for Multi-User MIMO Transmission Using Meta-Surface","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971421487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013433","mag":"2971421487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/190586/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062398869","display_name":"Yihong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-817X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075816408","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101425965","display_name":"Bowen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-8495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062362866","display_name":"Weisi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8846420049667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7740060091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6584928035736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5599058270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5450603365898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5146699547767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5131660103797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.5058274269104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4740578532218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.47315892577171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.4465939402580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.43119141459465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4163627624511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22756588459014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1774471402168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15639081597328186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8846420049667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7740060091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6584928035736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5599058270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5450603365898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5146699547767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5131660103797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.5058274269104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4740578532218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.47315892577171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4465939402580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.43119141459465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4163627624511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22756588459014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1774471402168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15639081597328186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:190586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/190586/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":"mag:3163745524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002267525677271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:190586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/190586/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001846409","https://openalex.org/W2107132118","https://openalex.org/W2147489667","https://openalex.org/W2149164057","https://openalex.org/W2157445698","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2596334233","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2911276099","https://openalex.org/W2963281988","https://openalex.org/W2969424089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2955108753","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W1996130034","https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W2182661536","https://openalex.org/W1987031311","https://openalex.org/W2125053132","https://openalex.org/W1694183347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,105],"meta-materials":[3],"offer":[4],"the":[5,32,54,58,65,101,112,123],"prospect":[6],"of":[7,35,85,111],"deploying":[8],"smart":[9],"surfaces,":[10],"or":[11],"intelligent":[12],"reflecting":[13],"surfaces":[14],"(IRS),":[15],"that":[16,81],"can":[17,88,130],"manipulate":[18],"electromagnetic":[19],"(EM)":[20],"channels":[21],"and":[22,39,44,57,129,143,148],"expand":[23],"their":[24],"achievable":[25],"capacity.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"investigate":[31],"programmable":[33],"channel":[34],"multi-user":[36,67],"multiple":[37,40,49,90],"input":[38],"output":[41],"(MU-MIMO)":[42],"transmission":[43,104],"beamforming":[45],"using":[46],"meta-surface":[47],"with":[48,93,116],"elements.":[50],"We":[51],"first":[52],"model":[53],"MU-MIMO":[55],"channel,":[56],"optimal":[59,86],"solution":[60],"is":[61,77,127],"derived":[62,115],"based":[63],"on":[64],"proposed":[66],"Linearly":[68],"Constrained":[69],"Minimum":[70],"Variance":[71],"(MU-LCMV)":[72],"beamformer.":[73],"The":[74,108],"beam":[75],"pattern":[76],"analyzed,":[78],"which":[79],"shows":[80],"a":[82],"single":[83],"set":[84],"weights":[87],"form":[89],"interference-free":[91],"beams":[92,95,113],"redundant":[94],"to":[96,99],"be":[97],"formed":[98],"achieve":[100],"multi-stream":[102],"MIMO":[103],"typical":[106],"configurations.":[107,119],"mathematical":[109],"relationships":[110],"are":[114],"different":[117],"surface":[118],"Extensive":[120],"simulations":[121],"verify":[122],"results.":[124],"This":[125],"work":[126],"fundamental":[128],"potentially":[131],"enhance":[132],"any":[133],"state-of-the-art":[134],"wireless":[135],"communication":[136],"systems":[137],"ranging":[138],"from":[139],"transceiver":[140],"design,":[141,145],"system":[142],"architecture":[144],"network":[146],"deployment,":[147],"self-organizing-network":[149],"operations.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}