{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975524324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013246","title":"Machine Learning for Performance-Aware Virtual Network Function Placement","display_name":"Machine Learning for Performance-Aware Virtual Network Function Placement","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975524324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013246","mag":"2975524324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.07787","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003885484","display_name":"Dimitrios Michael Manias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4390-3093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Michael Manias","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044729293","display_name":"Manar Jammal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-7644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manar Jammal","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008735757","display_name":"Hassan Hawilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-9845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Hawilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041270670","display_name":"Abdallah Shami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-0350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Shami","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013452406","display_name":"Parisa Heidari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parisa Heidari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Gravity by Ericsson, Montreal, Canada","Edge Gravity by Ericsson"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Gravity by Ericsson, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Gravity by Ericsson","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022601215","display_name":"Adel Larabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Larabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Gravity by Ericsson, Montreal, Canada","Edge Gravity by Ericsson"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Gravity by Ericsson, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Gravity by Ericsson","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076102211","display_name":"Richard Brunner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Brunner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Gravity by Ericsson, Montreal, Canada","Edge Gravity by Ericsson"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Gravity by Ericsson, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Gravity by Ericsson","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8511251211166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.7563158869743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5223551988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.5096004009246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-functions-virtualization","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","score":0.4945351779460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4830675423145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.47027498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.466886430978775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4437809884548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4106958210468292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3879237771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.15721604228019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09884500503540039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511251211166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.7563158869743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5223551988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.5096004009246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200789330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000834","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4945351779460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4830675423145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.47027498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.466886430978775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4437809884548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4106958210468292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3879237771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.15721604228019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09884500503540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.07787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.07787","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.07787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-8864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6482","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.07787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.07787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:2975524324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.07787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.07787","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.07787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975524324.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975524324.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055350293","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2466084743","https://openalex.org/W2474498303","https://openalex.org/W2783992985","https://openalex.org/W2802935328","https://openalex.org/W2811018759","https://openalex.org/W2900604824","https://openalex.org/W2902219709","https://openalex.org/W2902790395","https://openalex.org/W2912731102","https://openalex.org/W2913611568","https://openalex.org/W2922299940","https://openalex.org/W6756337598","https://openalex.org/W6758964368","https://openalex.org/W6760798038","https://openalex.org/W6808183544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009046953","https://openalex.org/W3162256056","https://openalex.org/W3003181566","https://openalex.org/W3129092393","https://openalex.org/W2781406013","https://openalex.org/W2579270683","https://openalex.org/W2534470189","https://openalex.org/W3138979139","https://openalex.org/W2969592737","https://openalex.org/W2989700768","https://openalex.org/W2791363235","https://openalex.org/W2912731102","https://openalex.org/W2725876264","https://openalex.org/W3101020344","https://openalex.org/W3117308359","https://openalex.org/W2755872638","https://openalex.org/W3187387732","https://openalex.org/W2969694125","https://openalex.org/W3037678800","https://openalex.org/W2951460035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,13,29,58,76,80,97,104,107,115,119,142,150,153,175,181,187,191,202,205],"growing":[2],"demand":[3],"for":[4],"data":[5,168],"connectivity,":[6],"network":[7,25,98,112],"service":[8],"providers":[9],"are":[10,131],"faced":[11],"with":[12,114],"task":[14],"of":[15,79,106,117,127,141,149,180,204],"reducing":[16],"their":[17],"capital":[18],"and":[19,27,102,144,171,186],"operational":[20],"expenses":[21],"while":[22],"simultaneously":[23],"improving":[24],"performance":[26],"addressing":[28],"increased":[30],"connectivity":[31],"demand.":[32],"Although":[33],"Network":[34,60],"Function":[35,61,87],"Virtualization":[36],"(NFV)":[37],"has":[38],"been":[39],"identified":[40],"as":[41,99,158],"a":[42,67,85,137,146,159,194],"solution,":[43],"several":[44,93],"challenges":[45],"must":[46],"be":[47],"addressed":[48],"to":[49,174,200],"ensure":[50],"its":[51],"feasibility.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,162],"address":[57],"Virtual":[59],"(VNF)":[62],"placement":[63,78,105],"problem":[64],"by":[65,133],"developing":[66],"machine":[68,129],"learning":[69,130],"decision":[70],"tree":[71],"model":[72,91,165,206],"that":[73],"learns":[74],"from":[75,96,136],"effective":[77],"various":[81,108],"VNF":[82,109,123],"instances":[83,110],"forming":[84],"Service":[86],"Chain":[88],"(SFC).":[89],"The":[90,125],"takes":[92],"performance-related":[94],"features":[95],"an":[100],"input":[101],"selects":[103],"on":[111,166],"servers":[113],"objective":[116],"minimizing":[118],"delay":[120,182,189],"between":[121,183],"dependent":[122],"instances.":[124],"benefits":[126],"using":[128],"realized":[132],"moving":[134],"away":[135],"complex":[138],"mathematical":[139],"modelling":[140],"system":[143],"towards":[145],"data-based":[147],"understanding":[148],"system.":[151],"Using":[152],"Evolved":[154],"Packet":[155],"Core":[156],"(EPC)":[157],"use":[160],"case,":[161],"evaluate":[163],"our":[164],"different":[167],"center":[169],"networks":[170],"compare":[172],"it":[173],"BACON":[176],"algorithm":[177],"in":[178,207],"terms":[179],"interconnected":[184],"components":[185],"total":[188],"across":[190],"SFC.":[192],"Furthermore,":[193],"time":[195],"complexity":[196],"analysis":[197],"is":[198],"performed":[199],"show":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"NFV":[208],"applications.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}