{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2788944677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2018.8646474","title":"IMPROVED EXPLAINABILITY OF CAPSULE NETWORKS: RELEVANCE PATH BY AGREEMENT","display_name":"IMPROVED EXPLAINABILITY OF CAPSULE NETWORKS: RELEVANCE PATH BY AGREEMENT","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2788944677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2018.8646474","mag":"2788944677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globalsip.2018.8646474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2018.8646474","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.10204","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011489347","display_name":"Atefeh Shahroudnejad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atefeh Shahroudnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Parnian Afshar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parnian Afshar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, QC, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, QC, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472","https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059152392","display_name":"Konstantinos N. Plataniotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-5473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos N. Plataniotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arash Mohammadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011489347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6922,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87830616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"549","last_page":"553"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8514062166213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7725696563720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7489787340164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7119555473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5214597582817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5153228640556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4761198163032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4557194411754608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.4554055631160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4119892120361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0694068968296051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8514062166213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7725696563720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7489787340164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7119555473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5214597582817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5153228640556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4761198163032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4557194411754608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.4554055631160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4119892120361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0694068968296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globalsip.2018.8646474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2018.8646474","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1802.10204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.10204","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.10204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2788944677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1802.10204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.10204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.10204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1802.10204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.10204","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.10204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1597412403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3216283581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G511634289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2016-049988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5983623224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2016-04998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221715925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2788944677.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2788944677.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1884191083","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2182098131","https://openalex.org/W2240067561","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2439568532","https://openalex.org/W2549418531","https://openalex.org/W2607223307","https://openalex.org/W2617195669","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2949780682","https://openalex.org/W2962690605","https://openalex.org/W2963703618","https://openalex.org/W6600115225","https://openalex.org/W6638389677","https://openalex.org/W6639540389","https://openalex.org/W6681608319","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6718991148","https://openalex.org/W6729243212","https://openalex.org/W6729646992","https://openalex.org/W6735632633","https://openalex.org/W6738189308","https://openalex.org/W6743446608","https://openalex.org/W6743846187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963703618","https://openalex.org/W3128945589","https://openalex.org/W2993703694","https://openalex.org/W3152665105","https://openalex.org/W2951338625","https://openalex.org/W2974416873","https://openalex.org/W2142971723","https://openalex.org/W2437478628","https://openalex.org/W2604020748","https://openalex.org/W2555491462","https://openalex.org/W2109802279","https://openalex.org/W3195926932","https://openalex.org/W3128949243","https://openalex.org/W2076106253","https://openalex.org/W3021869374","https://openalex.org/W2995639850","https://openalex.org/W2134220697","https://openalex.org/W3177320218","https://openalex.org/W3042567977","https://openalex.org/W2182145295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,8,13,54,66,114,181,189],"signal":[3],"processing":[4,92],"domain":[5,111],"have":[6,98],"resulted":[7],"a":[9],"surge":[10],"of":[11,29,59,104,150,163,170,177,187,193,196],"interest":[12],"deep":[14,36,73,105,131,179],"neural":[15,141],"networks":[16,123,142,184],"(DNNs)":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,62,101,125,139,146,182],"their":[20,90],"unprecedented":[21],"performance":[22],"and":[23,65,144,158,161,165],"high":[24],"accuracy":[25],"for":[26,41],"challenging":[27],"problems":[28],"significant":[30],"engineering":[31],"importance.":[32],"However,":[33],"when":[34],"such":[35,45,171],"learning":[37],"architectures":[38,180],"are":[39,78,129],"utilized":[40],"making":[42],"critical":[43],"decisions":[44],"as":[46,80,126,135],"the":[47,70,148,197],"ones":[48],"that":[49],"involve":[50],"human":[51],"lives":[52],"(e.g.,":[53],"medical":[55],"applications),":[56],"it":[57],"is":[58,112],"paramount":[60],"importance":[61],"understand,":[63],"trust,":[64],"one":[67],"word":[68],"\"explain\"":[69],"rational":[71],"behind":[72],"models\u2019":[74],"decisions.":[75],"Generally,":[76],"DNNs":[77],"considered":[79],"black-box":[81],"systems,":[82],"which":[83,128],"do":[84],"not":[85],"provide":[86],"any":[87],"clue":[88],"on":[89],"internal":[91],"actions.":[93],"Although":[94],"some":[95],"recent":[96],"efforts":[97],"been":[99],"initiated":[100],"explain":[102],"behavior/decisions":[103],"networks,":[106],"explainable":[107],"artificial":[108],"intelligence":[109],"(XAI)":[110],"still":[113],"its":[115],"infancy.":[116],"In":[117,153],"this":[118,154],"regard,":[119],"we":[120,156,174],"consider":[121],"capsule":[122],"(referred":[124],"CapsNets),":[127],"novel":[130],"structures;":[132],"recently":[133],"proposed":[134],"an":[136],"alternative":[137],"counterpart":[138],"convolutional":[140],"(CNNs),":[143],"posed":[145],"change":[147],"future":[149],"machine":[151],"intelligence.":[152],"paper,":[155],"investigate":[157],"analyze":[159],"structure":[160],"behavior":[162],"CapsNets":[164],"illustrate":[166],"potential":[167],"explainability":[168],"properties":[169],"networks.":[172],"Furthermore,":[173],"show":[175],"possibility":[176],"transforming":[178],"transparent":[183],"via":[185],"incorporation":[186],"capsules":[188],"different":[190],"layers":[191,195],"instead":[192],"convolution":[194],"CNNs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}