{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060295573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2013.6736854","title":"A combined symmetric difference and power monitoring GNSS anti-spoofing technique","display_name":"A combined symmetric difference and power monitoring GNSS anti-spoofing technique","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060295573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2013.6736854","mag":"2060295573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globalsip.2013.6736854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2013.6736854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070574334","display_name":"Kyle Wesson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyle D. Wesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050687486","display_name":"Brian L. Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-1293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian L. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026955319","display_name":"Todd E. Humphreys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-6988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd E. Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas, Austin","Dept. of Aerosp. Eng. & Eng. Mech., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas, Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Aerosp. Eng. & Eng. Mech., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070574334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":90.9158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99766705,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"217","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.9752643704414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8371323347091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.678646445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.593955934047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.461967408657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.447922021150589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.43102651834487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfeit","display_name":"Counterfeit","score":0.43042251467704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4142785370349884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3890644907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2700546085834503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.07079538702964783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9752643704414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8371323347091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678646445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.593955934047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.461967408657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.447922021150589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.43102651834487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.43042251467704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4142785370349884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3890644907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2700546085834503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.07079538702964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globalsip.2013.6736854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2013.6736854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49289809","https://openalex.org/W1691756509","https://openalex.org/W1824580093","https://openalex.org/W1943499898","https://openalex.org/W1999352229","https://openalex.org/W2005801175","https://openalex.org/W2015086338","https://openalex.org/W2042687195","https://openalex.org/W2143729023","https://openalex.org/W2146193208","https://openalex.org/W2148382551","https://openalex.org/W2182984782","https://openalex.org/W2566510693","https://openalex.org/W2600863430","https://openalex.org/W2621270703","https://openalex.org/W6637368485","https://openalex.org/W6686477898","https://openalex.org/W6731781941","https://openalex.org/W6739157378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095455901","https://openalex.org/W4312670159","https://openalex.org/W3126564540","https://openalex.org/W2955125114","https://openalex.org/W2968223354","https://openalex.org/W3206448138","https://openalex.org/W3200530419","https://openalex.org/W2088717005","https://openalex.org/W2963884254","https://openalex.org/W744943591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Civil":[0],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3],"System":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"signals":[6],"are":[7,85],"vulnerable":[8],"to":[9,71],"spoofing":[10,61,89,103],"attacks":[11],"that":[12,36,63,84],"deceive":[13],"a":[14,31,38,41,47,66,88,101],"victim":[15],"receiver":[16],"into":[17],"reporting":[18],"counterfeit":[19,68],"position":[20],"or":[21],"time":[22],"information.":[23],"The":[24,52],"primary":[25],"contribution":[26],"of":[27,57,79,87],"this":[28,94],"paper":[29,95],"is":[30],"non-cryptographic":[32],"GNSS":[33],"anti-spoofing":[34],"technique":[35],"\u201csandwiches\u201d":[37],"spoofer":[39],"between":[40],"correlation":[42],"function":[43],"distortion":[44],"monitor":[45],"and":[46],"total":[48],"in-band":[49],"power":[50,70,73],"monitor.":[51],"defense":[53],"exploits":[54],"the":[55,80,97],"difficulty":[56],"mounting":[58],"an":[59],"effective":[60],"attack":[62],"simultaneously":[64],"maintains":[65],"low-enough":[67],"signal":[69],"avoid":[72],"monitoring":[74],"alarms":[75],"while":[76],"minimizing":[77],"distortions":[78],"received":[81],"cross-correlation":[82],"profile":[83],"indicative":[86],"attack.":[90,104],"Results":[91],"presented":[92],"in":[93],"demonstrate":[96],"defense's":[98],"effectiveness":[99],"against":[100],"sophisticated":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}