{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900685537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/giots.2018.8534574","title":"Null is Not Always Empty: Monitoring the Null Space for Field-Level Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT Environments","display_name":"Null is Not Always Empty: Monitoring the Null Space for Field-Level Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT Environments","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900685537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/giots.2018.8534574","mag":"2900685537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/giots.2018.8534574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/giots.2018.8534574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://katalogoa.mondragon.edu/janium-bin/janium_login_opac.pl?find&ficha_no=148614","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020252362","display_name":"Ekhi Zugasti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-5695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekhi Zugasti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050357792","display_name":"Mikel Iturbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-5646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Iturbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060154154","display_name":"I\u00f1aki Garitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inaki Garitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011342556","display_name":"Urko Zurutuza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-6048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urko Zurutuza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computing, Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate-Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89952904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnectivity","display_name":"Interconnectivity","score":0.956596314907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.800697922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6301952004432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4610426127910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44361361861228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4378979206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.28894203901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2081509530544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15558159351348877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.956596314907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.800697922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6301952004432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4610426127910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44361361861228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4378979206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28894203901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2081509530544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15558159351348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/giots.2018.8534574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/giots.2018.8534574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebiltegia.mondragon.edu:20.500.11984/1177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://katalogoa.mondragon.edu/janium-bin/janium_login_opac.pl?find&ficha_no=148614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196532","display_name":"eRepository Mondragon University (Mondragon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","host_organization_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2018 Global Internet of Things Summit, GIoTS. Pp. 104-109. IEEE, 2018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ebiltegia.mondragon.edu:20.500.11984/1177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://katalogoa.mondragon.edu/janium-bin/janium_login_opac.pl?find&ficha_no=148614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196532","display_name":"eRepository Mondragon University (Mondragon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","host_organization_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2018 Global Internet of Things Summit, GIoTS. Pp. 104-109. IEEE, 2018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59369888","https://openalex.org/W107817146","https://openalex.org/W131464179","https://openalex.org/W157492013","https://openalex.org/W588139629","https://openalex.org/W1613804959","https://openalex.org/W1980670602","https://openalex.org/W1985567172","https://openalex.org/W1996960305","https://openalex.org/W2004186751","https://openalex.org/W2012446724","https://openalex.org/W2023093563","https://openalex.org/W2133459848","https://openalex.org/W2161630727","https://openalex.org/W2529333329","https://openalex.org/W2615836285","https://openalex.org/W2625507818","https://openalex.org/W2751144136","https://openalex.org/W2762155482","https://openalex.org/W3104608133","https://openalex.org/W6739341573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W174982720","https://openalex.org/W2151173140","https://openalex.org/W4386857536","https://openalex.org/W2511973026","https://openalex.org/W1981008129","https://openalex.org/W1800442676","https://openalex.org/W2804418842","https://openalex.org/W2038194959","https://openalex.org/W2778290364","https://openalex.org/W3118081318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0,39],"environments":[1,106],"have":[2],"vastly":[3],"changed":[4],"since":[5],"the":[6,25,38,69,86,118,125,139],"conception":[7],"of":[8,41,88],"initial":[9],"primitive":[10],"and":[11,24,85],"isolated":[12],"networks.":[13],"The":[14,134],"current":[15],"full":[16],"interconnection":[17],"paradigm,":[18],"where":[19,82],"connectivity":[20],"between":[21],"different":[22],"devices":[23],"Internet":[26,40],"has":[27,32,60,65],"become":[28],"a":[29],"business":[30],"necessity,":[31],"driven":[33],"device":[34],"interconnectivity":[35,59],"towards":[36],"building":[37],"Things":[42],"(IIoT),":[43],"enabling":[44],"added":[45],"value":[46],"services":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"supply":[50],"chain":[51],"optimization":[52],"or":[53],"improved":[54],"process":[55],"control.":[56],"However,":[57],"whereas":[58],"increased,":[61],"IIoT":[62],"security":[63,76,93],"practices":[64,77],"not":[66,83],"evolved":[67],"at":[68,124],"same":[70,126],"pace,":[71],"due":[72],"partly":[73],"to":[74,111],"inherited":[75],"from":[78],"when":[79],"industrial":[80,105],"networks":[81],"connected":[84],"existence":[87],"basic":[89],"hardware":[90],"with":[91],"no":[92],"functionalities.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"work,":[97],"we":[98],"present":[99],"an":[100],"Anomaly":[101],"Detection":[102],"System":[103],"for":[104],"that":[107],"monitors":[108],"physical":[109],"quantities":[110],"detect":[112],"intrusions.":[113],"It":[114],"is":[115,123,136],"based":[116,128],"in":[117],"null":[119],"space":[120],"detection,":[121],"which":[122],"time,":[127],"on":[129],"Stochastic":[130],"Subspace":[131],"Identification":[132],"(SSI).":[133],"approach":[135],"validated":[137],"using":[138],"Tennessee-Eastman":[140],"chemical":[141],"process.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}