{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404952875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771503","title":"Measuring the Efficacy of a Locally Manufactured Face Shield","display_name":"Measuring the Efficacy of a Locally Manufactured Face Shield","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404952875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771503","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105014908","display_name":"Frederick Kojo Chaway Acquah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117796","display_name":"Ashesi University","ror":"https://ror.org/028kehd60","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frederick Acquah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100022255","display_name":"Gabriel M. Owusu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117796","display_name":"Ashesi University","ror":"https://ror.org/028kehd60","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel M. Owusu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092959636","display_name":"Jeremiah Takyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5133-3468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117796","display_name":"Ashesi University","ror":"https://ror.org/028kehd60","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah Takyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007848933","display_name":"Y. Danyuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-6949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117796","display_name":"Ashesi University","ror":"https://ror.org/028kehd60","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danyuo Yiporo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006974304","display_name":"Heather R. Beem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-5177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117796","display_name":"Ashesi University","ror":"https://ror.org/028kehd60","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather Beem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashesi University,Department of Engineering,Berekuso,Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105014908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117796"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31994732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13113","display_name":"Engineering Technology and Methodologies","score":0.9036999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13113","display_name":"Engineering Technology and Methodologies","score":0.9036999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shield","display_name":"Shield","score":0.751495361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6923235654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4737725555896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3579597473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petrology","display_name":"Petrology","score":0.0851111114025116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.751495361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6923235654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4737725555896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3579597473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.0851111114025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc62424.2024.10771503","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923664885","https://openalex.org/W2019024746","https://openalex.org/W2038409881","https://openalex.org/W2122273491","https://openalex.org/W2153032084","https://openalex.org/W2261880890","https://openalex.org/W3005091255","https://openalex.org/W3026269268","https://openalex.org/W3037237291","https://openalex.org/W3040057237","https://openalex.org/W3040673667","https://openalex.org/W3045049271","https://openalex.org/W3048090566","https://openalex.org/W3048140877","https://openalex.org/W3115242094","https://openalex.org/W3121702856","https://openalex.org/W3130870615","https://openalex.org/W3172557238","https://openalex.org/W3212438072","https://openalex.org/W4225386911","https://openalex.org/W4400942206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W191020423","https://openalex.org/W212028160","https://openalex.org/W4388071457","https://openalex.org/W2384581482","https://openalex.org/W4379056371","https://openalex.org/W4224273067","https://openalex.org/W2379865809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"need":[1],"for":[2,150,158],"growth":[3],"in":[4,43,140,153],"Africa's":[5],"manufacturing":[6,152],"ecosystem":[7],"was":[8,74,90],"highlighted":[9],"by":[10,80],"the":[11,27,96,101,115,123,137,148],"COVID-19":[12],"pandemic":[13],"as":[14,62],"personal":[15],"protective":[16],"equipment":[17],"(PPE)":[18],"had":[19],"to":[20,113],"largely":[21],"be":[22],"imported.":[23],"This":[24,145],"paper":[25],"presents":[26],"design,":[28],"fabrication":[29,77],"and":[30,41,50,67,100,128,162,168],"testing":[31],"of":[32,107,117,122,136,142],"a":[33,93,156],"face":[34,59,71],"shield":[35,72,119],"produced":[36],"using":[37,165],"locally":[38],"available":[39],"materials":[40],"methods":[42,78],"Ghana.":[44],"User":[45],"research":[46],"with":[47,56,92],"medical":[48],"professionals":[49],"other":[51],"PPE":[52,164],"users":[53],"revealed":[54,133],"issues":[55],"existing":[57],"commercial":[58,124],"shields":[60],"such":[61],"high":[63],"cost,":[64],"poor":[65],"durability,":[66],"discomfort.":[68],"An":[69,83],"improved":[70],"design":[73,139],"developed,":[75],"leveraging":[76],"employed":[79],"local":[81,138],"tailors.":[82],"elastic/foam":[84],"band":[85],"made":[86],"from":[87],"African":[88],"fabric":[89],"integrated":[91],"plastic":[94],"sheet,":[95],"former":[97],"being":[98,103],"reusable":[99],"latter":[102],"disposable.":[104],"A":[105],"series":[106],"flow":[108,130],"visualization":[109],"experiments":[110],"were":[111],"used":[112],"determine":[114],"efficacy":[116],"this":[118],"against":[120],"that":[121],"counterpart.":[125],"Particle":[126],"count":[127],"velocity":[129],"field":[131],"results":[132],"superior":[134],"performance":[135],"terms":[141],"particle":[143],"blocking.":[144],"study":[146],"underscores":[147],"potential":[149],"decentralized":[151],"Africa,":[154],"providing":[155],"model":[157],"creating":[159],"effective,":[160],"affordable":[161],"accessible":[163],"indigenous":[166],"resources":[167],"simple":[169],"production":[170],"techniques.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}