{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216244064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc53159.2021.9612463","title":"Fixing Mobile Emergency Call Geo- Location Once and For All","display_name":"Fixing Mobile Emergency Call Geo- Location Once and For All","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216244064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc53159.2021.9612463","mag":"3216244064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc53159.2021.9612463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc53159.2021.9612463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023282596","display_name":"Ghassan Al-Nuaimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-8778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["AU","IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghassan Al-Nuaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089993280","display_name":"Matthew T. Lloyd","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Serval Project Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Serval Project Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033371671","display_name":"Hlekiwe Kachali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5085271","display_name":"Hanken School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/026086s92","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5085271"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hlekiwe Kachali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marketing, Supply Chain Management and Social Responsibility, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marketing, Supply Chain Management and Social Responsibility, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5085271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019618306","display_name":"Saeed Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-865X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086231707","display_name":"Paul Gardner-Stephen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Gardner-Stephen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023282596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I56409017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14575329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"62","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.8382863998413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6819745898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6483476161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-management","display_name":"Call management","score":0.6128709316253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5004076957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-control","display_name":"Call control","score":0.4935203790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.45663362741470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone-call","display_name":"Phone call","score":0.43952274322509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-centre","display_name":"Call centre","score":0.42856618762016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3987429440021515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38989153504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35961470007896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3451007604598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22471967339515686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.8382863998413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6819745898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6483476161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28819325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5021628","display_name":"Call management","level":3,"score":0.6128709316253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5004076957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131969451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5021614","display_name":"Call control","level":2,"score":0.4935203790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.45663362741470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994270382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296401","display_name":"Phone call","level":3,"score":0.43952274322509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476796","display_name":"Call centre","level":2,"score":0.42856618762016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3987429440021515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38989153504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35961470007896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3451007604598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22471967339515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc53159.2021.9612463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc53159.2021.9612463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092699579","https://openalex.org/W2112201623","https://openalex.org/W2248438086","https://openalex.org/W2416723180","https://openalex.org/W2588855749","https://openalex.org/W2740362239","https://openalex.org/W2776255330","https://openalex.org/W2790418569","https://openalex.org/W2803230041","https://openalex.org/W2809844369","https://openalex.org/W2884014784","https://openalex.org/W2907839125","https://openalex.org/W2909941391","https://openalex.org/W2910178739","https://openalex.org/W2924218050","https://openalex.org/W3085870368","https://openalex.org/W3160579345","https://openalex.org/W6741966909","https://openalex.org/W6753502073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566399258","https://openalex.org/W2501447456","https://openalex.org/W4250116973","https://openalex.org/W2990415243","https://openalex.org/W4233040899","https://openalex.org/W2244556011","https://openalex.org/W1988907130","https://openalex.org/W4288257113","https://openalex.org/W2959835481","https://openalex.org/W2189508418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"geolocation":[1],"fix":[2],"for":[3,107],"an":[4,46,142,153],"emergency":[5,47,70,81,125,154],"call":[6,71,82,94,126,131,155],"can":[7,120,172],"make":[8],"the":[9,17,24,37,80,86,93,108,111,118,124,130,182],"difference":[10],"between":[11],"life":[12],"and":[13,33,39,56,65,192],"death,":[14],"by":[15,98,164],"reducing":[16],"time":[18],"required":[19],"to":[20,23,59,62,69,88,92,101,123,151,158,188,197],"bring":[21],"assistance":[22],"caller.":[25],"The":[26],"problem":[27],"is":[28,133,148,193],"that":[29,84,170],"only":[30,185],"selected":[31,34],"phones":[32],"networks":[35],"support":[36],"efficient":[38],"effective":[40],"conveying":[41],"of":[42,75],"location":[43,67,91,106,119,171],"information":[44,68],"during":[45],"call.":[48,114],"In":[49,115],"this":[50,116],"paper":[51],"we":[52],"describe":[53],"a":[54,77,104,160,165,177],"simple":[55],"achievable":[57],"intervention":[58,183],"enable":[60],"smartphones":[61],"convey":[63],"accurate":[64],"time-stamped":[66],"operators.":[72],"This":[73,96],"consists":[74],"providing":[76],"button":[78],"on":[79],"screen":[83],"causes":[85],"phone":[87,109],"provide":[89],"its":[90],"operator.":[95],"works":[97],"using":[99],"text-to-speech":[100],"read":[102],"out":[103],"GPS-obtained":[105],"over":[110],"open":[112],"telephone":[113],"way,":[117],"be":[121,173],"provided":[122],"operator,":[127],"even":[128,175],"if":[129],"centre":[132,156],"not":[134],"equipped":[135],"with":[136],"Advanced":[137],"Mobile":[138],"Location":[139],"(AML)":[140],"or":[141],"equivalent":[143],"technology.":[144],"A":[145],"DTMF-based":[146],"mechanism":[147],"also":[149],"proposed":[150],"allow":[152],"operator":[157],"request":[159],"caller's":[161],"location,":[162],"supplemented":[163],"dead-man's":[166],"pedal":[167],"mechanism,":[168],"so":[169],"obtained":[174],"when":[176],"caller":[178],"becomes":[179],"unresponsive.":[180],"Further,":[181],"requires":[184],"modest":[186],"changes":[187],"smart-phone":[189],"operating":[190],"software,":[191],"thus":[194],"highly":[195],"feasible":[196],"implement.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
