{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588169560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857268","title":"Sustainability analysis off-grid community solar PV projects in Malawi","display_name":"Sustainability analysis off-grid community solar PV projects in Malawi","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588169560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857268","mag":"2588169560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857268","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044085496","display_name":"Peter Dauenhauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P.M. Dauenhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060536874","display_name":"Damien Frame","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.F. Frame","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044085496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82737576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11988","display_name":"Sustainable Building Design and Assessment","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11988","display_name":"Sustainable Building Design and Assessment","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.8728805780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6227880716323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.6095411777496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5305930376052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.5270521640777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4848881661891937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4676845669746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4481828510761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4187619090080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.3280344009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3214077949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3158279061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30760133266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.17142382264137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15916940569877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1460265815258026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.8728805780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6227880716323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.6095411777496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5305930376052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5270521640777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4848881661891937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4676845669746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4481828510761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4187619090080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3280344009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3214077949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3158279061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30760133266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.17142382264137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15916940569877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1460265815258026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857268","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:61742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/876236.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10807006","https://openalex.org/W343221822","https://openalex.org/W1482853677","https://openalex.org/W1933782331","https://openalex.org/W2063515711","https://openalex.org/W2067201217","https://openalex.org/W2070181922","https://openalex.org/W6640628892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386968573","https://openalex.org/W2395064349","https://openalex.org/W2034374297","https://openalex.org/W821205410","https://openalex.org/W2766130412","https://openalex.org/W2382628689","https://openalex.org/W2526730640","https://openalex.org/W2351171996","https://openalex.org/W2983370139","https://openalex.org/W2188500270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50,80,97],"sustainability":[1,29,47,53],"challenges":[2,118],"of":[3,30,38,42,52,76,82,105],"off-grid":[4],"community":[5,43,110],"energy":[6,111],"projects":[7,83,108],"using":[8],"solar":[9,44,106],"photovoltaics":[10],"in":[11,48,132],"Malawi":[12],"have":[13,84],"been":[14,21],"widely":[15],"acknowledged.":[16],"However,":[17],"little":[18],"evidence":[19],"has":[20],"produced":[22],"regarding":[23],"the":[24,28,36,77,103,116,133],"factors":[25],"that":[26,115],"affect":[27],"these":[31],"projects.":[32,67,79,140],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"presents":[35],"results":[37,98],"a":[39,55,73,92,125],"nationwide":[40],"study":[41],"PV":[45,107],"project":[46],"Malawi.":[49],"concept":[51],"as":[54,95],"holistic":[56],"measure":[57],"is":[58],"defined":[59],"and":[60,113,122],"captured":[61],"through":[62],"field":[63],"survey":[64],"at":[65],"43":[66],"A":[68],"multi-factor":[69],"scoring":[70],"technique":[71],"provides":[72],"relative":[74],"ranking":[75],"surveyed":[78],"majority":[81],"serious":[85],"shortcomings":[86],"undermining":[87],"their":[88],"ability":[89],"to":[90,102,130,136],"produce":[91],"positive":[93],"impact":[94],"intended.":[96],"provide":[99],"useful":[100],"insights":[101],"design":[104,128],"for":[109],"practitioners":[112],"indicate":[114],"underlying":[117],"are":[119],"both":[120],"internal":[121],"systematic,":[123],"from":[124],"poor":[126],"technical":[127],"approach":[129],"limitations":[131],"skills":[134],"required":[135],"effectively":[137],"manage":[138],"such":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}