{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047821628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713645","title":"Low cost solar thermal energy generation for developing economies","display_name":"Low cost solar thermal energy generation for developing economies","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047821628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713645","mag":"2047821628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033761158","display_name":"Darick W. LaSelle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darick W. LaSelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006925141","display_name":"Robert Liechty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Liechty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027724964","display_name":"Hassan Alzamzam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Alzamzam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011469228","display_name":"Robert W. Foster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083492920","display_name":"Jasmin Dzabic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasmin Dzabic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084849999","display_name":"Nathan P. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-7710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033761158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54729711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7752504348754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.7101317048072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-cost","display_name":"Capital cost","score":0.5135483741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.5079219937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.47659987211227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.46623891592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.41808775067329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.41132792830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.40432554483413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3755333721637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-economics","display_name":"Natural resource economics","score":0.3704989552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.19204816222190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.18661996722221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17092156410217285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7752504348754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7101317048072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.5135483741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5079219937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.47659987211227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.46623891592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41808775067329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.41132792830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40432554483413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3755333721637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3704989552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19204816222190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18661996722221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17092156410217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2013.6713645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W949154991","https://openalex.org/W1981502801","https://openalex.org/W2011490086","https://openalex.org/W2047407454","https://openalex.org/W2088274567","https://openalex.org/W2117338840","https://openalex.org/W2626138701","https://openalex.org/W6653435038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386968573","https://openalex.org/W2395064349","https://openalex.org/W2034374297","https://openalex.org/W821205410","https://openalex.org/W2382628689","https://openalex.org/W2766130412","https://openalex.org/W2526730640","https://openalex.org/W2351171996","https://openalex.org/W2983370139","https://openalex.org/W2981633973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"economies":[1],"currently":[2],"show":[3],"more":[4,64],"potential":[5],"benefit":[6],"from":[7],"renewable":[8,78,111,196],"and":[9,34,57,82,130,183],"off-grid":[10],"technologies":[11],"when":[12],"compared":[13],"to":[14,67,98,132,144,163,179],"first":[15],"world":[16],"countries":[17],"like":[18,25],"the":[19,75,108,142,161,165],"United":[20],"States.":[21],"Basic":[22],"humanitarian":[23],"needs":[24,52],"water":[26,28],"pumping,":[27],"purification,":[29],"refrigeration":[30],"for":[31,160,190],"inoculations,":[32],"cooking":[33],"heating":[35],"without":[36],"depleting":[37],"local":[38,94],"resources":[39],"can":[40,85],"have":[41,62,141,164],"a":[42,63,152,175,191],"major":[43],"impact":[44],"on":[45,171],"quality":[46],"of":[47,70,77,110,154,177,195],"living.":[48],"Once":[49,122],"basic":[50],"hygienic":[51],"are":[53,80,118,125,128],"accounted":[54],"for,":[55],"villages":[56],"even":[58],"small":[59],"towns":[60],"will":[61,140,188],"legitimate":[65],"foothold":[66],"develop":[68],"out":[69],"an":[71],"impoverished":[72],"state.":[73],"Unfortunately,":[74],"majority":[76,109],"solutions":[79],"complicated,":[81],"once":[83],"installed":[84],"easily":[86],"fall":[87],"into":[88],"disrepair,":[89],"with":[90,151],"little":[91],"or":[92,103],"no":[93],"knowledge":[95],"base":[96],"available":[97],"maintain":[99],"complicated":[100],"photovoltaic":[101],"(PV)":[102],"wind":[104],"turbine":[105],"systems.":[106],"Additionally,":[107],"energy":[112,197],"systems":[113,124],"require":[114],"extensive":[115],"manufacturing":[116],"that":[117],"not":[119],"environmentally":[120],"friendly.":[121],"these":[123],"manufactured,":[126],"they":[127],"bulky":[129],"costly":[131],"ship.":[133],"The":[134,157,185],"system":[135,158,187],"described":[136],"in":[137,198],"this":[138],"paper":[139],"ability":[143],"produce":[145],"low":[146],"cost":[147],"solar":[148,166],"thermal":[149,167],"energy,":[150],"minimal":[153],"capital":[155],"investment.":[156],"allows":[159],"option":[162],"collector":[168],"be":[169,180],"built":[170],"site,":[172],"requiring":[173],"only":[174],"minimum":[176],"equipment":[178],"manufactured":[181],"remotely":[182],"shipped.":[184],"proposed":[186],"allow":[189],"much":[192],"wider":[193],"spread":[194],"developing":[199],"economies.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
