{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386698376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics60313.2023.10248015","title":"Smilies: A Soft-Multi-Label-Guided Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation Framework for Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Smilies: A Soft-Multi-Label-Guided Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation Framework for Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386698376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics60313.2023.10248015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics60313.2023.10248015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics60313.2023.10248015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 30th International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018480823","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-0175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["WuHan University,The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, WuHan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WuHan University,The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, WuHan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376214","display_name":"Xiaodong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6994-4216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["WuHan University,The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, WuHan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WuHan University,The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, WuHan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055327388","display_name":"Guanzhou Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-9122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanzhou Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["WuHan University,The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, WuHan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WuHan University,The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, WuHan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387427","display_name":"Chenxi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-1235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University,Electronic Information School","Electronic Information School, Wuhan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University,Electronic Information School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42046205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8010661602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781999409198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7431225180625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7224065065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.591804563999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5554243922233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5348049402236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.48631057143211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41900938749313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4110827147960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3964014947414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36927908658981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10119867324829102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8010661602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781999409198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7431225180625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7224065065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.591804563999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5554243922233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5348049402236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48631057143211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41900938749313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4110827147960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3964014947414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36927908658981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10119867324829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics60313.2023.10248015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics60313.2023.10248015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 30th International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1994488211","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2794948653","https://openalex.org/W2963374186","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W3000627240","https://openalex.org/W3122507398","https://openalex.org/W3176760243","https://openalex.org/W4200618560","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739696289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weakly":[0],"supervised":[1],"semantic":[2,14,37],"segmentation":[3,15,38],"(WSSS)":[4],"can":[5,42,114,131],"well":[6],"solve":[7,24],"the":[8,25,48,59,109,118,121],"problem":[9,26],"of":[10,16,27,50],"insufficient":[11,28],"samples":[12],"for":[13],"remote":[17],"sensing":[18],"images.":[19],"In":[20],"order":[21],"to":[22],"better":[23,103,124],"training":[29,65,85,111],"samples,":[30],"we":[31,88],"introduce":[32],"a":[33,102],"Soft-MultI-Label-guIded":[34],"wEakly":[35],"Supervised":[36],"framework":[39],"(SMILIES).":[40],"It":[41,113],"generate":[43],"pixel-level":[44,129],"labels":[45],"relatively":[46],"under":[47],"supervision":[49,93],"few-shot":[51],"image":[52,90],"tag":[53,91],"levels.":[54],"We":[55],"test":[56,97],"it":[57],"on":[58,66,96],"GID":[60],"dataset":[61],"(150":[62],"images)":[63],"after":[64],"only":[67],"five":[68],"images,":[69],"and":[70,127],"obtain":[71],"58.7%":[72],"mIoU,":[73],"which":[74],"is":[75],"higher":[76],"than":[77,105],"other":[78],"WSSS":[79],"methods":[80],"when":[81],"using":[82],"few":[83],"shot":[84],"samples.":[86,112],"When":[87],"adopt":[89],"as":[92],"apply":[94],"inferring":[95],"data,":[98],"our":[99],"method":[100],"has":[101,123],"performance":[104,126],"fully-supervised":[106],"DeepLabV3":[107],"with":[108],"same":[110],"be":[115],"inferred":[116],"from":[117,133],"experiment":[119],"that":[120],"SMILIES":[122],"generalization":[125],"manual":[128],"labeling":[130],"benefit":[132],"it.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}