{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2246079084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378688","title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of expenditure of international tourists of China","display_name":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of expenditure of international tourists of China","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2246079084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378688","mag":"2246079084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009269125","display_name":"Hongxian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-1359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongxian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100532794","display_name":"Qingsheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-684X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201459984","display_name":"Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0459pv085","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201459984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149618","display_name":"Guangdong University of Finance","ror":"https://ror.org/04grzdh47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingsheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201459984","https://openalex.org/I4210149618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009269125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16269538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.7289550304412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6911808848381042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.6808977127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6022505164146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5996190905570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.5994102358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5025374889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.4887380599975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-economics","display_name":"Agricultural economics","score":0.48704126477241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theil-index","display_name":"Theil index","score":0.46251073479652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yangtze-river","display_name":"Yangtze river","score":0.45482826232910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accommodation","display_name":"Accommodation","score":0.4533885419368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4421963393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2742050290107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11619064211845398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.7289550304412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6911808848381042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6808977127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6022505164146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5996190905570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.5994102358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5025374889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4887380599975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.48704126477241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154085013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655361","display_name":"Theil index","level":3,"score":0.46251073479652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018003528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5413","display_name":"Yangtze river","level":3,"score":0.45482826232910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157660682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419793","display_name":"Accommodation","level":2,"score":0.4533885419368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4421963393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2742050290107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11619064211845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2066856439","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2154189961","https://openalex.org/W2285020383","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W6648982606","https://openalex.org/W7000263883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W61434238","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W2382418233","https://openalex.org/W4248007958","https://openalex.org/W2369897927","https://openalex.org/W3031731056","https://openalex.org/W1973833648","https://openalex.org/W4293167957","https://openalex.org/W2361035307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,76,134],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,50,79,91,140,158],"spatial":[4,27,92,110,162],"and":[5,30,62,70,99,124,126,132,148],"temporal":[6],"dynamics":[7],"of":[8,10,52,78,87,95,136],"expenditure":[9,55,93,135],"international":[11,53,96,108,137,160],"tourists":[12,97,109,138],"in":[13,139,146,152],"China":[14,42],"from":[15,41,58,72,101],"2000":[16,59,147],"to":[17,60,74,103,150],"2013":[18],"by":[19],"using":[20],"information":[21],"entropy,":[22],"concentration":[23,28],"ratio,":[24,29],"Theil":[25],"index,":[26],"Local":[31],"Moran":[32],"I":[33],"index.":[34],"International":[35],"tourism":[36,43],"reception":[37],"data":[38],"was":[39,83],"collected":[40],"statistics":[44],"yearbooks.":[45],"results":[47],"indicated":[48],"that":[49],"structure":[51],"tourists'":[54],"became":[56],"balance":[57],"2003":[61,73,102],"it":[63],"concentrated":[64],"on":[65],"long":[66],"distance":[67],"transportation,":[68],"shopping":[69],"accommodation":[71],"2013.":[75,104,153],"sum":[77],"first":[80],"three":[81],"expenditures":[82],"more":[84],"than":[85],"60%":[86],"whole":[88],"expenditure.":[89],"Spatially,":[90],"differences":[94],"reduced":[98,149],"dispersed":[100],"There":[105],"emerged":[106],"3":[107,141],"cluster":[111,142,163],"centers:":[112],"Pearl":[113],"River":[114,119],"delta":[115,120],"involving":[116],"Guangdong,":[117],"Yangtze":[118],"including":[121],"Shanghai,":[122],"Zhejiang,":[123],"Jiangsu,":[125],"Bohai":[127],"Bay,":[128],"which":[129],"involves":[130],"Beijing":[131],"Tianjin.":[133],"districts":[143],"reached":[144],"70%":[145],"55%":[151],"However,":[154],"they":[155],"are":[156],"still":[157],"main":[159],"tourist":[161],"centers.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}