{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2249499647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378569","title":"A bootstrapping algorithm for geo-entity relation extraction from online encyclopedia","display_name":"A bootstrapping algorithm for geo-entity relation extraction from online encyclopedia","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2249499647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378569","mag":"2249499647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100575831","display_name":"Li Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information System, State Key Lab of Resources, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information System, State Key Lab of Resources, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101480749","display_name":"Feng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-2550"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Information System, State Key Lab of Resources, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Information System, State Key Lab of Resources, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100575831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15861254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encyclopedia","display_name":"Encyclopedia","score":0.8922215104103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.7601804733276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7211609482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6259908676147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-extraction","display_name":"Relationship extraction","score":0.5586329102516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.427865207195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40800654888153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34961795806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3274582624435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1663016676902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.09570175409317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.06070977449417114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148863701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5292","display_name":"Encyclopedia","level":2,"score":0.8922215104103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7601804733276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7211609482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6259908676147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.5586329102516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.427865207195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40800654888153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34961795806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3274582624435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1663016676902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.09570175409317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.06070977449417114}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13646585","https://openalex.org/W14903747","https://openalex.org/W23177027","https://openalex.org/W1647729745","https://openalex.org/W1662133657","https://openalex.org/W1966470704","https://openalex.org/W2024388076","https://openalex.org/W2039796087","https://openalex.org/W2051826382","https://openalex.org/W2071822664","https://openalex.org/W2076372637","https://openalex.org/W2108745425","https://openalex.org/W2109078957","https://openalex.org/W2123143128","https://openalex.org/W2251832915","https://openalex.org/W2401043892","https://openalex.org/W2482706586","https://openalex.org/W4313324521","https://openalex.org/W6600582858","https://openalex.org/W6600948783","https://openalex.org/W6636975626","https://openalex.org/W6721888199","https://openalex.org/W6753223686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976808399","https://openalex.org/W2609844752","https://openalex.org/W2981341912","https://openalex.org/W4285246823","https://openalex.org/W4226278302","https://openalex.org/W4385734297","https://openalex.org/W2547211086","https://openalex.org/W4221160509","https://openalex.org/W4380551175","https://openalex.org/W2538200646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracting":[0],"spatial":[1],"and":[2,25,39,58,102,110,140,177,184,188,197,230,248,254],"semantic":[3],"relations":[4,86],"between":[5],"two":[6],"geo-entities":[7,132],"from":[8,215],"web":[9,60],"texts,":[10,218],"is":[11,33,67,202],"one":[12,126,153],"core":[13],"problem":[14,98],"of":[15,31,46,71,99,106,116,122,131,138,152,155,234],"geographical":[16],"information":[17],"retrieval.":[18],"The":[19,199],"primary":[20],"methods":[21],"are":[22,52,250],"pattern":[23],"matching":[24],"supervised":[26,40],"learning.":[27],"Since":[28],"the":[29,56,104,120,135,143,146,150,164,168,175,212,221,232,246],"coverage":[30],"patterns":[32],"limited":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,54,82,96,112,162,173],"poor":[37],"adaptability":[38],"learning":[41],"needs":[42],"a":[43,79,97,129],"large":[44,226],"number":[45],"labeled":[47],"data":[48],"that":[49],"expensive,":[50],"both":[51],"hard":[53],"process":[55],"massive":[57],"diverse":[59],"texts.":[61],"Inspired":[62],"by":[63,114,252],"frequency":[64,192,243],"statistics,":[65],"which":[66,219],"an":[68],"important":[69],"technique":[70],"unsupervised":[72],"relation":[73,94,151,160,236],"extraction,":[74,101],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"puts":[77],"forward":[78],"novel":[80],"approach":[81],"automatically":[83,210],"extracting":[84],"geo-entity":[85],"without":[87],"much":[88],"manual":[89],"effort.":[90],"Firstly,":[91],"we":[92,158,170],"translate":[93],"extraction":[95],"keyword":[100],"analyze":[103],"characteristics":[105],"word":[107,124,144],"(part-of-speech,":[108],"position":[109],"distance":[111],"entity)":[113],"means":[115],"bootstrapping.":[117],"Secondly,":[118],"calculate":[119],"weight":[121,148],"each":[123],"in":[125,186],"sentence":[127],"with":[128,145,190,240],"pair":[130,154],"based":[133,179],"on":[134,180],"statistic":[136,193],"results":[137],"characteristics,":[139],"pick":[141],"out":[142],"maximum":[147],"as":[149],"geo-entities.":[156],"Lastly,":[157],"construct":[159],"instances":[161],"obtain":[163],"structured":[165],"information.":[166],"In":[167],"experiment,":[169],"used":[171],"bootstrapping":[172],"evaluate":[174],"precision":[176,247],"recall":[178,249],"popular":[181],"Sina":[182],"Travel":[183],"BaiduBaike":[185],"Chinese":[187],"compared":[189],"three":[191,241],"approaches":[194],"(Frequency,":[195],"TF-IDF":[196],"PPMI).":[198],"presented":[200],"method":[201],"argued":[203],"has":[204],"following":[205],"advantages:":[206],"(1)":[207],"it":[208],"can":[209],"explore":[211],"lexical":[213],"features":[214],"natural":[216],"language":[217],"neither":[220],"domain":[222],"expert":[223],"knowledge":[224],"nor":[225],"scale":[227],"corpora":[228],"need,":[229],"breaks":[231],"restriction":[233],"closed":[235],"types.":[237],"(2)":[238],"Compared":[239],"classical":[242],"statistics":[244],"methods,":[245],"improved":[251],"5%":[253],"23%":[255],"respectively.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
