{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2244647974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378566","title":"Impact of slope, aspect and cloud cover on the distribution of incoming global solar radiation over Pakistan","display_name":"Impact of slope, aspect and cloud cover on the distribution of incoming global solar radiation over Pakistan","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2244647974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378566","mag":"2244647974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102294425","display_name":"Shahzad Sultan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Sultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384035","display_name":"Hui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-6630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067365532","display_name":"Renguang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-2251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renguang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004405781","display_name":"Fahim Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Muhammad Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108547983","display_name":"Ahmed Iftikhar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20561161","display_name":"University of Balochistan","ror":"https://ror.org/04bf33n91","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Iftikhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baluchistan University, Quetta, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baluchistan University, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102294425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77318024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.7497025728225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.739671528339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.6245532035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6089581251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.5754859447479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shuttle-radar-topography-mission","display_name":"Shuttle Radar Topography Mission","score":0.5203701853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcast","display_name":"Overcast","score":0.5181247591972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5148650407791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-fraction","display_name":"Cloud fraction","score":0.5094004273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.4845649302005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.437531054019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4195701479911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4173315465450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37571296095848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3501136302947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.32648175954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20939341187477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14409473538398743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.08799588680267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.07166749238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.07135358452796936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.7497025728225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.739671528339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.6245532035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6089581251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5754859447479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184149073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965136","display_name":"Shuttle Radar Topography Mission","level":3,"score":0.5203701853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195452092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055865","display_name":"Overcast","level":3,"score":0.5181247591972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5148650407791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23302255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135703","display_name":"Cloud fraction","level":4,"score":0.5094004273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.4845649302005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.437531054019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4195701479911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4173315465450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37571296095848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3501136302947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.32648175954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20939341187477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14409473538398743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.08799588680267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.07166749238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07135358452796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2015.7378566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13923229","https://openalex.org/W576364537","https://openalex.org/W1526220856","https://openalex.org/W1655550202","https://openalex.org/W1681191926","https://openalex.org/W1968625706","https://openalex.org/W1977198603","https://openalex.org/W1979738249","https://openalex.org/W1991520699","https://openalex.org/W2010189879","https://openalex.org/W2012346420","https://openalex.org/W2012910700","https://openalex.org/W2015626285","https://openalex.org/W2018084882","https://openalex.org/W2020954320","https://openalex.org/W2030216404","https://openalex.org/W2033981709","https://openalex.org/W2036841285","https://openalex.org/W2040149490","https://openalex.org/W2044694080","https://openalex.org/W2047367854","https://openalex.org/W2047595946","https://openalex.org/W2054164595","https://openalex.org/W2057781397","https://openalex.org/W2061632729","https://openalex.org/W2063521481","https://openalex.org/W2064355291","https://openalex.org/W2067872494","https://openalex.org/W2070804679","https://openalex.org/W2077623746","https://openalex.org/W2081163158","https://openalex.org/W2086409693","https://openalex.org/W2090370719","https://openalex.org/W2103983685","https://openalex.org/W2117427432","https://openalex.org/W2118222708","https://openalex.org/W2123562152","https://openalex.org/W2161257190","https://openalex.org/W2185886722","https://openalex.org/W2285280507","https://openalex.org/W2343075371","https://openalex.org/W2492975200","https://openalex.org/W2534187801","https://openalex.org/W2551681291","https://openalex.org/W3139802592","https://openalex.org/W4214677429","https://openalex.org/W4240949133","https://openalex.org/W4241279432","https://openalex.org/W4245826308","https://openalex.org/W4253533848","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600606154","https://openalex.org/W6616510653","https://openalex.org/W6654973583","https://openalex.org/W6704223198","https://openalex.org/W7070977991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011460488","https://openalex.org/W2055954178","https://openalex.org/W3161754348","https://openalex.org/W4294970007","https://openalex.org/W2469485159","https://openalex.org/W1967803852","https://openalex.org/W2099145470","https://openalex.org/W2071571379","https://openalex.org/W1517629002","https://openalex.org/W3130243341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"use":[1,38,78],"a":[2],"distributed":[3,35],"modeling":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,61,188,206],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,21,57,63,104,134,139,153,180,184,189,207],"spatial":[9,75],"and":[10,28,51,74,85,107,129,141,147,159,164,174,193],"quantitative":[11,120],"distribution":[12,135],"of":[13,47,65,88,111,122,136,143,191],"incoming":[14,69,101],"global":[15,70],"solar":[16,71],"radiation":[17,72,186],"(GSR)":[18],"falling":[19],"over":[20,56,152],"complex":[22],"terrain":[23,108,170],"using":[24],"remote":[25],"sensing":[26],"(RS)":[27],"geographical":[29],"information":[30],"system":[31],"(GIS).":[32],"To":[33],"apply":[34],"model,":[36,103],"we":[37,77],"SRTM":[39],"digital":[40],"elevation":[41],"models":[42],"(DEM)":[43],"for":[44,100,172],"impact":[45,64],"assessment":[46],"slope,":[48],"aspect":[49,148],"orientation":[50,190],"correcting":[52],"possible":[53],"sunshine":[54],"duration":[55],"inclined":[58],"surface.":[59],"Similarly,":[60,145],"evaluate":[62],"cloud":[66,82,89,130],"cover":[67,90,131],"on":[68,126,133],"amount":[73],"distribution,":[76],"MODIS":[79],"Level-2":[80],"(L2)":[81],"fraction":[83],"products":[84],"observational":[86],"data":[87],"from":[91],"21":[92],"meteorological":[93],"observatories":[94],"in":[95,138,156,162,167,199,209],"Pakistan.":[96,144],"As":[97],"an":[98],"input":[99],"GSR":[102,112,137],"direct,":[105],"diffused,":[106],"reflected":[109],"components":[110],"were":[113],"employed.":[114],"The":[115],"model":[116],"results":[117],"show":[118],"clear":[119],"influences":[121,149],"local":[123],"topography":[124,192],"based":[125],"slope":[127,146],"angles":[128],"variations":[132],"North":[140,163],"Northwest":[142],"are":[150],"evident":[151],"mountainous":[154],"areas":[155],"Himalaya,":[157],"Karakorum":[158],"Hindukush":[160],"Ranges":[161,166],"Suleiman":[165],"Northwest.":[168],"Furthermore,":[169],"effect":[171,198],"eastern":[173],"western":[175],"slopes":[176,181],"is":[177,202],"not":[178],"significant;":[179],"receive":[182],"almost":[183],"same":[185],"due":[187],"latitudinal":[194],"consistency,":[195],"but":[196],"inter-shielding":[197],"eastern-western":[200],"oreintation":[201],"more":[203],"prominent":[204],"compared":[205],"one":[208],"northern-southern.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}