{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060068937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567967","title":"Spatial indexing of global geographical data with HTM","display_name":"Spatial indexing of global geographical data with HTM","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060068937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567967","mag":"2060068937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100303667","display_name":"Zhenhua Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005042481","display_name":"Yingjie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-4125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080709406","display_name":"Haidong Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidong Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435026","display_name":"Bailang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5628-0003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001949272","display_name":"Jianping Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-8031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374360","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057059233","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-9830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100303667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13518771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7692146897315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587493658065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.6668722629547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-based-spatial-database","display_name":"Object-based spatial database","score":0.6107972264289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-database","display_name":"Spatial database","score":0.6043252348899841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5820178389549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.548306941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.49097612500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/file-format","display_name":"File format","score":0.4608428478240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4562032222747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4487331807613373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.43768244981765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43567219376564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4037994146347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3856455385684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15293514728546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12068003416061401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7692146897315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587493658065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.6668722629547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153938966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3348148","display_name":"Object-based spatial database","level":4,"score":0.6107972264289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203689450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial database","level":3,"score":0.6043252348899841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5820178389549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.548306941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.49097612500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97250363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235557","display_name":"File format","level":2,"score":0.4608428478240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4562032222747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4487331807613373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43768244981765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43567219376564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4037994146347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3856455385684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15293514728546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12068003416061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586517928","https://openalex.org/W1668224056","https://openalex.org/W2078608149","https://openalex.org/W2114303224","https://openalex.org/W2146534064","https://openalex.org/W2154327689","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2226627179","https://openalex.org/W2913298375","https://openalex.org/W6635069054","https://openalex.org/W6637202781","https://openalex.org/W6681398051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122098189","https://openalex.org/W4251016002","https://openalex.org/W2377819299","https://openalex.org/W2028237718","https://openalex.org/W2156208484","https://openalex.org/W186585275","https://openalex.org/W4375853629","https://openalex.org/W2804139585","https://openalex.org/W1983673890","https://openalex.org/W2372708426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"indexing":[1,22,76],"is":[2,87,167,187],"one":[3],"of":[4,12,18,20,29,39,50,62,141,172,184,196,220],"the":[5,10,70,96,113,117,121,124,157,170,199,205,224,229,232],"most":[6],"important":[7],"techniques":[8,19],"in":[9,99,112],"field":[11],"spatial":[13,21,40,139],"data":[14,41,80],"management.":[15],"Many":[16],"kinds":[17],"have":[23],"been":[24],"successfully":[25],"developed,":[26],"and":[27,55,95,162,177,228],"each":[28,142],"them":[30],"has":[31,47,58,212],"advantages":[32],"towards":[33],"special":[34],"applications.":[35],"As":[36],"a":[37,91,150],"type":[38],"structure,":[42],"Hierarchical":[43],"Triangular":[44],"Mesh":[45],"(HTM)":[46],"excellent":[48],"features":[49],"global":[51,78,118,225],"continuity,":[52],"stability,":[53],"hierarchy":[54],"uniformity,":[56],"which":[57,128,211],"attracted":[59],"much":[60],"interest":[61],"researchers":[63],"for":[64,77],"many":[65],"years.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"investigates":[69],"method":[71],"that":[72,104,191],"using":[73],"HTM":[74,86,110,133,151,153],"as":[75,107,189],"geographical":[79],"(only":[81],"point-like":[82,221],"objects":[83,222],"now).":[84],"The":[85,138,181],"defined":[88],"by":[89,149],"subdividing":[90],"unit":[92],"sphere":[93,125],"recursively":[94],"basic":[97],"elements":[98,134],"it":[100],"are":[101,105,126,192,202],"spherical":[102],"triangles":[103],"coded":[106],"integers":[108],"called":[109],"codes":[111,154],"computer":[114],"system.":[115,180],"At":[116],"scale,":[119],"all":[120],"regions":[122,161],"on":[123,169,194,204,223],"spherical,":[127],"can":[129,145],"be":[130,147],"intersected":[131],"with":[132],"obeying":[135],"some":[136],"equations.":[137],"position":[140],"input":[143,163,185],"object":[144],"also":[146],"represented":[148],"code.":[152],"thus":[155],"become":[156],"bridge":[158],"between":[159],"query":[160],"objects.":[164],"Our":[165],"system":[166,175,208,233],"based":[168],"combination":[171],"database":[173],"management":[174],"(DBMS)":[176],"distributed":[178,206],"file":[179,207],"major":[182],"information":[183],"files":[186,201],"extracted":[188],"metadata":[190],"stored":[193,203],"tables":[195],"DBMS,":[197],"while":[198],"original":[200],"(called":[209],"HDFS)":[210],"potential":[213],"abilities":[214],"to":[215],"support":[216],"parallel":[217],"processing.":[218],"Millions":[219],"were":[226,234],"examined":[227],"experiments":[230],"indicated":[231],"acceptable.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}