{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315777365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008786","title":"Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Asynchronous Reception","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Asynchronous Reception","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315777365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605011","display_name":"2022 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059072298","display_name":"Jiakang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-3829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiakang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040967211","display_name":"Zhuoyi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7557-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoyi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612301","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995606","display_name":"Julian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of British Columbia,School of Engineering,Kelowna,BC,Canada,V1V 1V7"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of British Columbia,School of Engineering,Kelowna,BC,Canada,V1V 1V7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China,518060","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China,518060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059072298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96820043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"190","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.822981059551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7979345321655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.705302357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6968241333961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6422403454780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5993596315383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5960192084312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49965906143188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4185546338558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-oscillator","display_name":"Local oscillator","score":0.41552478075027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3499075174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3106839656829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13285472989082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13261500000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12136167287826538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.822981059551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7979345321655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.705302357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6968241333961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6422403454780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5993596315383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5960192084312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49965906143188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4185546338558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.41552478075027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3499075174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3106839656829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13285472989082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13261500000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12136167287826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605011","display_name":"2022 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038329885","https://openalex.org/W2089121898","https://openalex.org/W2158057034","https://openalex.org/W2271871887","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2928963866","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3089248281","https://openalex.org/W3158898476","https://openalex.org/W3169591209","https://openalex.org/W3188340816","https://openalex.org/W3196892299","https://openalex.org/W3197134600","https://openalex.org/W3198664870","https://openalex.org/W3215108492","https://openalex.org/W4206124306","https://openalex.org/W6801065100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W2095582735","https://openalex.org/W2059318893","https://openalex.org/W1965698851","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2000036084","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W2292475936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"(CF)":[1],"massive":[2,49,131],"multiple-input":[3],"multiple-output":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"is":[6,127],"considered":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9,122,146],"promising":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,129],"achieving":[13],"the":[14,29,45,66,103,140,154,157,165],"ultimate":[15],"performance":[16,46],"limit.":[17],"However,":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,134],"its":[21],"distributed":[22],"architecture":[23],"and":[24,60,75,81,90,107,112],"low-cost":[25],"access":[26],"points":[27],"(APs),":[28],"signals":[30],"received":[31],"at":[32],"user":[33],"equipments":[34],"(UEs)":[35],"are":[36],"most":[37],"likely":[38],"asynchronous.":[39],"In":[40,119],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,78],"investigate":[44],"of":[47,58,105,110,143,153,167],"CF":[48,130],"MIMO":[50,132],"systems":[51,133],"with":[52,88],"asynchronous":[53,100],"reception,":[54],"including":[55],"both":[56],"effects":[57],"delay":[59,125],"oscillator":[61,141],"phases.":[62],"Taking":[63],"into":[64],"account":[65],"imperfect":[67],"channel":[68],"state":[69],"information":[70],"caused":[71],"by":[72,163],"phase":[73,126,142],"asynchronization":[74],"pilot":[76],"contamination,":[77],"obtain":[79],"novel":[80],"closed-form":[82],"downlink":[83],"spectral":[84],"efficiency":[85],"(SE)":[86],"expressions":[87],"coherent":[89,108,136],"non-coherent":[91],"data":[92],"transmission":[93,109,137],"schemes,":[94],"respectively.":[95],"Simulation":[96],"results":[97,114],"show":[98],"that":[99,152],"reception":[101],"destroys":[102],"orthogonality":[104],"pilots":[106],"data,":[111],"thus":[113],"in":[115],"poor":[116],"system":[117],"performance.":[118],"addition,":[120],"getting":[121],"highly":[123],"accurate":[124],"substantial":[128],"achieve":[135],"gain.":[138],"Moreover,":[139],"UEs":[144],"has":[145],"larger":[147],"effect":[148],"on":[149],"SE":[150],"than":[151],"APs,":[155],"because":[156],"latter":[158],"can":[159],"be":[160],"significantly":[161],"reduced":[162],"increasing":[164],"number":[166],"antennas.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}