{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206907040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682126","title":"Attention Mechanism Based ResNeXt Network for Automatic Modulation Classification","display_name":"Attention Mechanism Based ResNeXt Network for Automatic Modulation Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206907040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605397","display_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076595125","display_name":"Zhi Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-9719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398698","display_name":"Ling Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-7198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074283278","display_name":"Mingliang Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-7124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036072256","display_name":"Jian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-064X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001104874","display_name":"Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076595125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84729161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7449929118156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6106500625610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5778073668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5620384812355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5241682529449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46592092514038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.44273367524147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.42268964648246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07378706336021423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7449929118156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6106500625610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5778073668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5620384812355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5241682529449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46592092514038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.44273367524147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.42268964648246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07378706336021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605397","display_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998084556","https://openalex.org/W2114267371","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2892154397","https://openalex.org/W2915147925","https://openalex.org/W2916820451","https://openalex.org/W2963703197","https://openalex.org/W2968867107","https://openalex.org/W2980902614","https://openalex.org/W3010697577","https://openalex.org/W3016147814","https://openalex.org/W3022311971","https://openalex.org/W3038716110","https://openalex.org/W3128367445","https://openalex.org/W3129407453","https://openalex.org/W3158152128","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6785127182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171597999","https://openalex.org/W2189136227","https://openalex.org/W2530685530","https://openalex.org/W1866537546","https://openalex.org/W630850086","https://openalex.org/W4375868962","https://openalex.org/W2011227383","https://openalex.org/W2088854863","https://openalex.org/W4402568167","https://openalex.org/W1996690921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"modulation":[1],"classification":[2,72,116],"(AMC)":[3],"is":[4,59],"becoming":[5],"increasingly":[6],"important":[7],"in":[8,148],"modern":[9],"wireless":[10],"communication.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"we":[15],"proposed":[16],"a":[17,78],"novel":[18],"integrative":[19],"approach":[20],"for":[21],"AMC":[22],"based":[23],"on":[24,39,126],"feature":[25,87],"and":[26,64,70,99,108,134],"deep":[27,52],"learning.":[28],"The":[29,56,90],"time-frequency":[30],"spectrograms":[31],"are":[32,45,74],"extracted":[33],"by":[34,144],"short-time":[35],"Fourier":[36],"transform":[37],"(STFT)":[38],"the":[40,48,51,62,96,105,110,114,119,122,127],"received":[41],"communication":[42],"signals,":[43],"which":[44],"used":[46],"as":[47,61],"inputs":[49],"of":[50,121,150],"learning":[53],"(DL)":[54],"network.":[55],"ResNeXt":[57,76,84],"network":[58],"designed":[60],"backbone,":[63],"two":[65],"dual":[66,91],"attention":[67,92,98,101],"mechanism":[68,93],"modules":[69,102],"customized":[71,115],"module":[73,94],"incorporated.":[75],"introduces":[77],"new":[79],"dimension":[80],"named":[81],"Cardinality,":[82],"making":[83],"own":[85],"excellent":[86],"extraction":[88],"ability.":[89],"combines":[95],"channel":[97],"spatial":[100],"to":[103,146],"enhance":[104],"salient":[106],"features":[107],"suppress":[109],"redundant":[111],"features.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"header":[117],"improves":[118],"robustness":[120],"classifier.":[123],"Experimental":[124],"results":[125],"RadioML2016.10B":[128],"dataset":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"its":[131],"high":[132],"accuracy":[133],"robust":[135],"performance":[136],"compared":[137],"with":[138],"other":[139],"state-of-the-art":[140],"techniques,":[141],"surpassing":[142],"them":[143],"2%":[145],"10%":[147],"terms":[149],"accuracy.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
