{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186617254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682042","title":"A Tree Search Approach for Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes","display_name":"A Tree Search Approach for Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186617254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682042","mag":"3186617254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605397","display_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08991","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065261108","display_name":"Seyyed Ali Hashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-8654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyyed Ali Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA","Stanford University ()"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006737344","display_name":"Nghia Doan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-7467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nghia Doan","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Canada","McGill University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091600002","display_name":"Warren J. Gross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6226-6037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren J. Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Canada","McGill University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029146230","display_name":"J.M. Cioffi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-8101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Cioffi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA","Stanford University ()"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074116801","display_name":"Andrea Goldsmith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-800X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, USA","Princeton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065261108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06013363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.8601905107498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7712415456771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6994224786758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-tree","display_name":"Search tree","score":0.6721753478050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5889630317687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/list-decoding","display_name":"List decoding","score":0.5855162143707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5502550005912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.5252622961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48445940017700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breadth-first-search","display_name":"Breadth-first search","score":0.45330533385276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4323514997959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43190380930900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.423372358083725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3858579397201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.2999860346317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.188123881816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.18383333086967468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.8601905107498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7712415456771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6994224786758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207024777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673","display_name":"Search tree","level":3,"score":0.6721753478050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5889630317687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204397858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437907","display_name":"List decoding","level":5,"score":0.5855162143707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5502550005912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.5252622961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48445940017700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138843760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325904","display_name":"Breadth-first search","level":2,"score":0.45330533385276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4323514997959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43190380930900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.423372358083725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3858579397201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.2999860346317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.188123881816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.18383333086967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605397","display_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.08991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.08991","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3186617254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.08991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.08991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.08991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.08991","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186617254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186617254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971933274","https://openalex.org/W2004229705","https://openalex.org/W2025948462","https://openalex.org/W2048870136","https://openalex.org/W2084346236","https://openalex.org/W2103524940","https://openalex.org/W2106045225","https://openalex.org/W2121417875","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2284321898","https://openalex.org/W2591190829","https://openalex.org/W2595493241","https://openalex.org/W2802514696","https://openalex.org/W2909355330","https://openalex.org/W2963389341","https://openalex.org/W2964126297","https://openalex.org/W2964292940","https://openalex.org/W3009999666","https://openalex.org/W3093840338","https://openalex.org/W3104199340","https://openalex.org/W3164830114","https://openalex.org/W3196996832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076368429","https://openalex.org/W2348545647","https://openalex.org/W2117009122","https://openalex.org/W2920857569","https://openalex.org/W3048634177","https://openalex.org/W2963809011","https://openalex.org/W2892104027","https://openalex.org/W2736567075","https://openalex.org/W2024337048","https://openalex.org/W2155999686","https://openalex.org/W1971355272","https://openalex.org/W2742523012","https://openalex.org/W2155606147","https://openalex.org/W2367218571","https://openalex.org/W2156708137","https://openalex.org/W2957715178","https://openalex.org/W2052935525","https://openalex.org/W1776630310","https://openalex.org/W2930647543","https://openalex.org/W1987194921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,43],"low-complexity":[1],"tree":[2,25,104],"search":[3,45,50,105],"approach":[4,21,106],"is":[5,8,27,60],"presented":[6,77],"that":[7,26,89],"equivalent":[9],"to":[10,29,62,72,78,107],"the":[11,31,68,73,81,90,102],"maximum-likelihood":[12],"(ML)":[13],"decoding":[14,33,38],"of":[15,83,98],"Reed-Muller":[16],"(RM)":[17],"codes.":[18,110],"The":[19],"proposed":[20,74],"generates":[22],"a":[23,48,56,94],"bit-flipping":[24,58],"traversed":[28],"find":[30],"ML":[32],"result":[34],"by":[35],"performing":[36],"successive-cancellation":[37],"after":[39],"each":[40],"node":[41,65,84,99],"visit.":[42],"depth-first":[44],"(DFS)":[46],"and":[47,55],"breadth-first":[49],"(BFS)":[51],"scheme":[52,92],"are":[53,76],"developed":[54],"log-likelihood-ratio-based":[57],"metric":[59],"utilized":[61],"avoid":[63],"redundant":[64],"visits":[66,100],"in":[67],"tree.":[69],"Several":[70],"enhancements":[71],"algorithm":[75],"further":[79],"reduce":[80],"number":[82,97],"visits.":[85],"Simulation":[86],"results":[87],"confirm":[88],"BFS":[91],"provides":[93],"lower":[95],"average":[96],"than":[101],"existing":[103],"decode":[108],"RM":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
