{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011899668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024532","title":"Reference Datasets for Training and Evaluating RF Signal Detection and Classification Models","display_name":"Reference Datasets for Training and Evaluating RF Signal Detection and Classification Models","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011899668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024532","mag":"3011899668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068749062","display_name":"Timothy A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-4037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017038926","display_name":"Raied Caromi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-0642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raied Caromi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077761543","display_name":"Michael R. Souryal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-5109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Souryal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017171236","display_name":"Adam Wunderlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8463-9156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Wunderlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068749062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76439799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7943578362464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5609397888183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5403116345405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5133110880851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5127812027931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5091084837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.5044068098068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48095908761024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4802256226539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4506809413433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4461812674999237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.391694039106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38005584478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3583943247795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14000174403190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.11921396851539612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7943578362464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5609397888183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5403116345405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5133110880851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5127812027931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5091084837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.5044068098068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48095908761024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4802256226539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4506809413433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4461812674999237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.391694039106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38005584478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3583943247795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14000174403190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.11921396851539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091005538","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2557007068","https://openalex.org/W2625982355","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2764155154","https://openalex.org/W2891794654","https://openalex.org/W2893507202","https://openalex.org/W2912878843","https://openalex.org/W2936660115","https://openalex.org/W2947945231","https://openalex.org/W2956124738","https://openalex.org/W2962883549","https://openalex.org/W2963115134","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W4306290508","https://openalex.org/W6694508510","https://openalex.org/W6739546367","https://openalex.org/W6745580566","https://openalex.org/W6754632766","https://openalex.org/W6755144380","https://openalex.org/W6758802246","https://openalex.org/W6793907288","https://openalex.org/W6880582725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W2360066868","https://openalex.org/W3084909207","https://openalex.org/W1694630026","https://openalex.org/W2024367938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,34],"several":[2],"potential":[3],"uses":[4],"of":[5,93,97,106,113,129],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"and":[9,30,38,45,65,86,100],"machine":[10],"learning":[11],"(ML)":[12],"in":[13,23,41,68,118],"next-generation":[14],"shared":[15],"spectrum":[16],"systems.":[17],"However,":[18],"while":[19],"recognized":[20],"datasets":[21,40,76],"exist":[22],"certain":[24],"domains":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"speech,":[28],"handwriting":[29],"object":[31],"recognition,":[32],"there":[33],"no":[35],"equivalent":[36],"robust":[37],"comprehensive":[39],"the":[42,61,79,90,107,130],"wireless":[43],"communications":[44],"radio":[46],"frequency":[47],"(RF)":[48],"signals":[49],"domain.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"creating":[54],"an":[55],"RF":[56],"signal":[57],"database":[58],"focused":[59],"on":[60],"signals,":[62],"schemes,":[63],"systems":[64,87],"environments":[66],"found":[67],"these":[69],"applications.":[70],"Our":[71],"intention":[72],"is":[73],"to":[74,89,103],"create":[75],"that":[77],"have":[78],"following":[80],"characteristics:":[81],"targeted":[82],"around":[83],"specific":[84],"applications":[85],"relevant":[88],"next":[91],"generation":[92],"advanced":[94],"communications,":[95],"composed":[96],"traceable":[98],"elements":[99],"carefully":[101],"curated":[102],"be":[104],"representative":[105],"target":[108],"application.":[109],"Datasets":[110],"may":[111],"consist":[112],"field":[114],"measurements,":[115],"data":[116],"collected":[117],"a":[119],"controlled":[120],"laboratory":[121],"setting,":[122],"synthetically":[123],"generated":[124],"waveforms":[125],"or":[126],"any":[127],"combination":[128],"above.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}