{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413179733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11101201","title":"Reinforcement Learning Based Dynamic Adaptive Frequency Scaling for O-RAN Energy Saving","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning Based Dynamic Adaptive Frequency Scaling for O-RAN Energy Saving","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413179733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11101201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11101201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11101201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101835820","display_name":"Y. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-8626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101697325","display_name":"Qi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8437-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004164739","display_name":"Yiwei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-9190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416826","display_name":"Ting Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-3024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595900","display_name":"Xiaohua Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549694","display_name":"Nan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3058-1748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Information and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Information and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Group Anhui Co., Ltd.,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Group Anhui Co., Ltd.,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067414898","display_name":"I Chih\u2010Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-4352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Lin I","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8685696721076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7068485021591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.510403573513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.4431626498699188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.43712273240089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41290345788002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3101479113101959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.147485613822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14185228943824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11652660369873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08210906386375427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8685696721076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7068485021591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.510403573513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.4431626498699188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.43712273240089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41290345788002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3101479113101959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.147485613822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14185228943824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11652660369873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08210906386375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11101201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11101201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107216395","https://openalex.org/W2139177908","https://openalex.org/W2324729601","https://openalex.org/W2887695340","https://openalex.org/W3094094281","https://openalex.org/W3154037811","https://openalex.org/W3160085978","https://openalex.org/W3209544864","https://openalex.org/W3210013687","https://openalex.org/W4254521933","https://openalex.org/W4319782489","https://openalex.org/W4364860134","https://openalex.org/W4385269739","https://openalex.org/W4388115741","https://openalex.org/W4389888278","https://openalex.org/W4392153206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2145821588","https://openalex.org/W2086122291","https://openalex.org/W1987513656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,45,66,119,128],"demand":[2],"for":[3,22,98],"flexibility":[4],"in":[5,57,76],"radio":[6],"access":[7],"networks":[8],"(RAN)":[9],"grows,":[10],"O-RAN":[11],"architectures":[12],"are":[13],"increasingly":[14],"adopted.":[15],"To":[16,85],"mitigate":[17],"carbon":[18],"emissions,":[19],"energy-saving":[20],"techniques":[21,56],"cloud":[23,49,58,99,109],"base":[24,37,50,100,110],"stations":[25],"have":[26],"gained":[27],"significant":[28],"attention.":[29],"However,":[30],"traditional":[31],"methods":[32],"like":[33],"carrier/cell":[34],"switch-off":[35],"and":[36,80,113],"station":[38,111],"sleep":[39],"modes":[40],"fail":[41],"to":[42],"fully":[43],"leverage":[44],"unique":[46],"characteristics":[47],"of":[48,69,130],"stations.":[51],"Similarly,":[52],"existing":[53,134],"frequency":[54,94],"scaling":[55,95],"servers":[59],"do":[60],"not":[61],"incorporate":[62],"RAN-specific":[63],"information,":[64],"hindering":[65],"adaptive":[67,93],"selection":[68],"optimal":[70],"operating":[71],"frequencies.":[72],"This":[73],"limitation":[74],"results":[75],"suboptimal":[77],"energy":[78,124],"efficiency":[79,125],"diminished":[81],"RAN":[82,131],"service":[83,115],"reliability.":[84],"address":[86],"these":[87],"challenges,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"a":[91],"dynamic":[92],"(DAFS)":[96],"technique":[97],"stations,":[101],"utilizing":[102],"reinforcement":[103],"learning.":[104],"Simulations":[105],"based":[106],"on":[107],"real-world":[108],"data":[112],"various":[114],"scenarios":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"that":[118],"proposed":[120],"method":[121],"significantly":[122],"enhances":[123],"while":[126],"maintaining":[127],"reliability":[129],"services,":[132],"outperforming":[133],"approaches.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
