{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413157330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100573","title":"Lightweight Cloud-Based Phishing Email Detection using BERT and Deep Learning","display_name":"Lightweight Cloud-Based Phishing Email Detection using BERT and Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413157330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042846465","display_name":"Akshat Gaurav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-9424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147267","display_name":"Ronin Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04awze035","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akshat Gaurav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ronin Institute,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ronin Institute,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071261948","display_name":"Brij B. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brij B. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia University,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan,413"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia University,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan,413","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029265765","display_name":"Jinsong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-5946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chile,Department of Electrical Engineering,Chile,8370451"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chile,Department of Electrical Engineering,Chile,8370451","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086803967","display_name":"Varsha Arya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-4429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varsha Arya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia University,Department of Business Administration,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia University,Department of Business Administration,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086102702","display_name":"Kwok Tai Chui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8679417","display_name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0349bsm71","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwok Tai Chui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Metropolitan University (HKMU),Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University (HKMU),Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042846465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147267"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.509052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.782871663570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7370777130126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7341742515563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41530105471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.35057878494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32987180352211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2697458267211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24942240118980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.20743051171302795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.782871663570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7370777130126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7341742515563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41530105471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35057878494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32987180352211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2697458267211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24942240118980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.20743051171302795}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497967381","https://openalex.org/W3090717071","https://openalex.org/W3158005840","https://openalex.org/W3214163331","https://openalex.org/W4210355130","https://openalex.org/W4212862670","https://openalex.org/W4213287278","https://openalex.org/W4283703245","https://openalex.org/W4304957161","https://openalex.org/W4312693345","https://openalex.org/W4315767683","https://openalex.org/W4318334697","https://openalex.org/W4319312598","https://openalex.org/W4377012540","https://openalex.org/W4383065673","https://openalex.org/W4392248303","https://openalex.org/W4392452976","https://openalex.org/W4402155932","https://openalex.org/W4402172759","https://openalex.org/W7008821803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2149202530","https://openalex.org/W2807822918","https://openalex.org/W2921723332","https://openalex.org/W4391093354","https://openalex.org/W2482950156","https://openalex.org/W4396966040","https://openalex.org/W2305322260","https://openalex.org/W3139248031","https://openalex.org/W3042334625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,130,156],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,113,132,158,172],"phishing":[3,22,96,154,166],"attacks":[4],"in":[5,40,152,165,180],"the":[6,27,50,53,142,170],"digital":[7],"era":[8],"poses":[9],"a":[10,18,41,58,106,126,162],"significant":[11],"threat":[12],"to":[13,48,66,94],"cybersecurity.":[14,181],"This":[15],"paper":[16],"introduces":[17],"novel":[19],"approach":[20],"for":[21,78,86],"email":[23,167],"detection":[24,97],"by":[25,123],"leveraging":[26],"Bidirectional":[28],"Encoder":[29],"Representations":[30],"from":[31,52],"Transformers":[32],"(BERT)":[33],"model":[34,45,63,85,89,100,135],"and":[35,56,81,103,118,125,145],"deep":[36,61,83],"learning":[37,62,84],"layers,":[38],"implemented":[39],"cloud-based":[42],"environment.":[43],"Our":[44],"used":[46,65,75],"BERT":[47,76],"extract":[49],"features":[51],"input":[54],"mails":[55],"then":[57],"dense":[59],"layer":[60],"is":[64,90],"classify":[67],"mail":[68],"as":[69,92],"\u2019Safe\u2019":[70],"or":[71],"\u2019Phishing\u2019.":[72],"As":[73],"we":[74],"only":[77,140],"feature":[79],"selection":[80],"linear":[82],"classification,":[87],"our":[88,133,159],"lightweight":[91],"compared":[93],"other":[95],"models.":[98],"was":[101],"trained":[102],"validated":[104],"on":[105],"comprehensive":[107],"dataset,":[108],"demonstrating":[109],"an":[110],"overall":[111],"accuracy":[112],"98%,":[114],"with":[115,136,177],"high":[116],"precision":[117],"recall":[119],"metrics,":[120],"further":[121],"corroborated":[122],"F1-scores":[124],"confusion":[127],"matrix":[128],"analysis.":[129],"integration":[131],"proposed":[134],"cloud":[137,178],"computing":[138],"not":[139],"improved":[141],"model\u2019s":[143],"efficiency":[144],"scalability":[146],"but":[147],"also":[148],"enhanced":[149],"its":[150],"applicability":[151],"real-time":[153],"detection.":[155],"results":[157],"study":[160],"indicate":[161],"substantial":[163],"advancement":[164],"detection,":[168],"showcasing":[169],"potential":[171],"combining":[173],"cutting-edge":[174],"AI":[175],"techniques":[176],"technology":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}