{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170000607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5276885","title":"High precision PSO and FLS integrated method for facial landmark localization","display_name":"High precision PSO and FLS integrated method for facial landmark localization","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170000607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5276885","mag":"2170000607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5276885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5276885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009010539","display_name":"Sohrab Khanmohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-9442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41832843","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohrab Khanmohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056918260","display_name":"Saeed M. Bakhshmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41832843","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Mahdizadeh Bakhshmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028289964","display_name":"Hadi Seyedarabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-2467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41832843","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Seyedarabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65468883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1352","last_page":"1357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9544813632965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7780944108963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7097278833389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6846283674240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.6538324356079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6326485872268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5067506432533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47892794013023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4427122473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4389824867248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4253937900066376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4223015010356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.25480204820632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13794979453086853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9544813632965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7780944108963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7097278833389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6846283674240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.6538324356079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6326485872268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5067506432533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47892794013023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4427122473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4389824867248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4253937900066376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4223015010356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25480204820632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13794979453086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5276885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5276885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488609128","https://openalex.org/W1668483876","https://openalex.org/W1967273524","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2016752903","https://openalex.org/W2068947028","https://openalex.org/W2104598610","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2122552042","https://openalex.org/W2125425170","https://openalex.org/W2132194022","https://openalex.org/W2134055945","https://openalex.org/W2137217880","https://openalex.org/W2148877716","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2188599585","https://openalex.org/W2539304751","https://openalex.org/W3040828298","https://openalex.org/W3041461622","https://openalex.org/W6679543694","https://openalex.org/W6687206489","https://openalex.org/W6729189551","https://openalex.org/W6780031884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2026924879","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W2052388267","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W1968481813","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2356918560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"finding":[1,30],"exact":[2],"location":[3,84],"of":[4,85,101,121,145],"facial":[5],"salient":[6],"points":[7,32,55,120],"under":[8],"translation,":[9],"rotation":[10],"and":[11,68,73,90,113,127,141],"changing":[12],"lightning":[13],"illumination":[14],"is":[15,60,88,92],"a":[16,26,34],"considerable":[17],"task":[18],"in":[19],"face":[20],"image":[21],"processing.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"presents":[25],"multistage":[27],"procedure":[28],"for":[29,110,124],"landmark":[31,54,87,119],"on":[33,131],"rigid":[35],"object":[36],"like":[37],"human":[38],"face.":[39],"Gabor":[40,57],"filter":[41,58],"jets":[42,59,107],"make":[43],"EBGM,":[44],"very":[45],"effective":[46],"but":[47],"computationally":[48],"expensive.":[49],"In":[50],"proposed":[51,133,146],"method,":[52],"searching":[53],"using":[56,63],"optimized":[61],"by":[62,94],"particle":[64],"swarm":[65],"optimization":[66],"(PSO)":[67],"similarity":[69],"between":[70],"model":[71],"jet":[72,75],"extracted":[74,116],"as":[76],"cost":[77,144],"function.":[78],"After":[79],"locating":[80],"first":[81],"landmark,":[82],"the":[83,132,139,149],"next":[86],"estimated":[89],"then":[91],"refined":[93],"local":[95],"search":[96],"criteria":[97],"(FLS)":[98],"until":[99],"localizing":[100],"all":[102],"desired":[103],"5":[104],"landmarks.":[105],"Model":[106],"are":[108,135],"used":[109],"accounting":[111],"pixels":[112],"can":[114],"be":[115],"manually":[117],"from":[118],"same":[122],"identity":[123],"more":[125],"robustness":[126],"accuracy.":[128],"Results":[129],"based":[130],"approach":[134],"included":[136],"to":[137],"prove":[138],"accuracy":[140],"low":[142],"computational":[143],"method":[147],"comparing":[148],"exhaustive":[150],"search.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}