{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129592544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681917","title":"Intelligent Constant Current Control for Resistance Spot Welding","display_name":"Intelligent Constant Current Control for Resistance Spot Welding","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129592544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681917","mag":"2129592544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013166084","display_name":"Mahmoud El-Banna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-0791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. El-Banna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","Wayne State University , Detroit#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University , Detroit#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015550681","display_name":"Dimitar Filev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-6782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Filev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ford Motor Company Limited, Dearborn, MI, USA","[Ford Motor Company Limited, Dearborn, MI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ford Motor Company Limited, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Ford Motor Company Limited, Dearborn, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058494512","display_name":"Ratna Babu Chinnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-1544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.B. Chinnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","[Department Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1570","last_page":"1577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spot-welding","display_name":"Spot welding","score":0.869207501411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.7026639580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-current","display_name":"Constant current","score":0.6285635232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5633838176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.503804624080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4458594024181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.4421657621860504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-control","display_name":"Intelligent control","score":0.41609442234039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3346618711948395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.32573437690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32134851813316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3213231563568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2746003270149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.23522210121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22336864471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14175409078598022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110209231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2327972","display_name":"Spot welding","level":3,"score":0.869207501411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.7026639580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53392680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163647","display_name":"Constant current","level":3,"score":0.6285635232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5633838176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.503804624080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4458594024181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.4421657621860504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82327864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835100","display_name":"Intelligent control","level":2,"score":0.41609442234039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3346618711948395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32573437690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32134851813316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3213231563568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2746003270149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.23522210121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22336864471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14175409078598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510188731","https://openalex.org/W1918404845","https://openalex.org/W2005083554","https://openalex.org/W2041789926","https://openalex.org/W2043405009","https://openalex.org/W2064523151","https://openalex.org/W2071782633","https://openalex.org/W2118648146","https://openalex.org/W2186695857","https://openalex.org/W2247891174","https://openalex.org/W2467413288","https://openalex.org/W6639908806","https://openalex.org/W6686838696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2741990845","https://openalex.org/W4310136649","https://openalex.org/W2332410696","https://openalex.org/W2392393597","https://openalex.org/W2899733695","https://openalex.org/W2163450627","https://openalex.org/W2155839237","https://openalex.org/W2392733913","https://openalex.org/W2619106152","https://openalex.org/W4250351468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resistance":[0],"spot":[1,68,253],"welding":[2,48,254],"is":[3,51,87,108,154,189,207,255],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,42,64,92,114,133,148,160,177,198,213,221,275,280],"the":[6,14,28,43,52,58,67,90,112,119,142,146,149,161,178,199,211,218,222,227,285],"primary":[7],"means":[8],"joining":[10],"sheet":[11],"metal":[12],"in":[13,37,57,71,215],"automotive":[15,29],"industry":[16,30],"and":[17,75,168,240,257,278],"other":[18],"industries.":[19],"The":[20,80,122,152,246],"demand":[21],"for":[22,98,110,118,174,251],"improved":[23],"corrosion":[24],"resistance":[25,252],"has":[26],"led":[27],"to":[31,62,84,116,145,191,209,284],"increasingly":[32],"use":[33,91],"zinc":[34],"coated":[35,49],"steel":[36,50],"auto":[38],"body":[39],"construction.":[40],"One":[41],"major":[44],"concerns":[45],"associated":[46],"with":[47,136],"mushrooming":[53],"effect":[54],"(the":[55],"increase":[56],"electrode":[59],"diameter":[60],"due":[61,283],"deposition":[63],"copper":[65],"into":[66],"surface)":[69],"resulting":[70],"reduced":[72],"current":[73,100,115,144,216,249,264,267],"density":[74],"undersized":[76],"welds":[77],"(cold":[78],"welds).":[79],"most":[81],"common":[82],"approach":[83],"this":[85,103],"problem":[86],"based":[88],"on":[89,217,259],"simple":[93],"unconditional":[94],"incremental":[95],"algorithms":[96],"(steppers)":[97],"preprogrammed":[99],"scheduling.":[101],"In":[102],"paper,":[104],"an":[105],"intelligent":[106,247],"algorithm":[107,123,206],"proposed":[109,286],"adjusting":[111],"amount":[113],"compensate":[117],"electrodes":[120],"degradation.":[121],"works":[124],"as":[125],"a":[126,131,182,193,232,260,272],"fuzzy":[127,137],"logic":[128],"controller":[129],"using":[130],"set":[132],"engineering":[134],"rules":[135],"predicates":[138],"that":[139],"dynamically":[140],"adapt":[141],"secondary":[143],"state":[147,153],"weld":[150,166,179,200,223,242,268,276],"process.":[151,224],"identified":[155],"by":[156],"indirectly":[157],"estimating":[158],"two":[159],"main":[162],"process":[163,237,281],"characteristics":[164],"-":[165],"quality":[167,180,243,277],"expulsion":[169,219,228],"rate.":[170],"A":[171],"soft":[172,204],"sensor":[173],"indirect":[175],"estimation":[176],"employing":[181],"learning":[183],"vector":[184],"quantization":[185],"(LVQ)":[186],"type":[187],"classifier":[188],"designed":[190],"provide":[192],"real":[194],"time":[195],"approximate":[196],"assessment":[197],"nugget":[201],"diameter.":[202],"Another":[203],"sensing":[205],"applied":[208],"predict":[210],"impact":[212],"changes":[214],"rate":[220,229],"By":[225],"maintaining":[226],"just":[230],"below":[231],"minimal":[233],"acceptable":[234],"level,":[235],"robust":[236],"control":[238,250,288],"performance":[239],"satisfactory":[241],"are":[244],"achieved.":[245],"constant":[248,266],"implemented":[256],"validated":[258],"medium":[261],"frequency":[262],"direct":[263],"(MFDC)":[265],"controller.":[269],"Results":[270],"demonstrate":[271],"substantial":[273],"improvement":[274],"reduction":[279],"variability":[282],"new":[287],"algorithm.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}