{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109870860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2004.1375368","title":"Fuzzy histograms and fuzzy chi-squared tests for independence","display_name":"Fuzzy histograms and fuzzy chi-squared tests for independence","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109870860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2004.1375368","mag":"2109870860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2004.1375368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2004.1375368","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37542)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002518694","display_name":"Thomas A. Runkler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-198X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.A. Runkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Technology, Information and Communications, Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","Corp. Technol., Inf. & Commun., Siemens AG, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Technology, Information and Communications, Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corp. Technol., Inf. & Commun., Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002518694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0541,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77599358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1361","last_page":"1366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.7940170764923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6556487083435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization-of-continuous-features","display_name":"Discretization of continuous features","score":0.6470961570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6216443181037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5604845285415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5350186824798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.49630266427993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.4913574755191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.45601585507392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38050827383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34384655952453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3113207519054413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30246371030807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2743016481399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization-error","display_name":"Discretization error","score":0.22124648094177246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.7940170764923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6556487083435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105427703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665193","display_name":"Discretization of continuous features","level":4,"score":0.6470961570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6216443181037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5604845285415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5350186824798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.49630266427993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4913574755191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.45601585507392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38050827383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34384655952453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3113207519054413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30246371030807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2743016481399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126148662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3890355","display_name":"Discretization error","level":3,"score":0.22124648094177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2004.1375368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2004.1375368","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37542)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596290048","https://openalex.org/W1976157913","https://openalex.org/W2095973690","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W2512550380","https://openalex.org/W4298410083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378829248","https://openalex.org/W1492103595","https://openalex.org/W2005929752","https://openalex.org/W2370926798","https://openalex.org/W2340621450","https://openalex.org/W2357904669","https://openalex.org/W1864774435","https://openalex.org/W2383105441","https://openalex.org/W3135322664","https://openalex.org/W2799209613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Histograms":[0],"and":[1,60,95],"chi-squared":[2,62],"tests":[3,63],"for":[4,9,64,89,97],"independence":[5,65],"are":[6,66],"well":[7],"defined":[8],"discrete":[10],"data.":[11],"In":[12,40],"order":[13],"to":[14,18,34,48],"apply":[15],"these":[16,72],"methods":[17,76],"continuous":[19],"data,":[20],"some":[21],"kind":[22],"of":[23,30,57,83,92,100],"discretization":[24,45,101],"is":[25,33,46],"necessary.":[26],"A":[27],"standard":[28],"way":[29],"discretizing":[31],"data":[32,74,93],"use":[35],"equally":[36],"spaced":[37],"(crisp)":[38],"intervals.":[39],"this":[41,43,53],"paper,":[42],"crisp":[44,79],"modified":[47],"a":[49],"fuzzy":[50,54,58,61,73],"discretization.":[51],"With":[52],"discretization,":[55],"definitions":[56],"histograms":[59],"achieved.":[67],"Six":[68],"experiments":[69],"indicate":[70],"that":[71],"analysis":[75],"outperform":[77],"their":[78],"relatives":[80],"in":[81],"terms":[82],"smoothness,":[84],"robustness":[85],"against":[86],"outliers,":[87],"sensitivity":[88,96],"the":[90,98],"position":[91],"clusters,":[94],"number":[99],"bins.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}