{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107214880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2003.1206574","title":"Measurement-to-track association using fuzzy logic compared to the chi-squared metric","display_name":"Measurement-to-track association using fuzzy logic compared to the chi-squared metric","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107214880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2003.1206574","mag":"2107214880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz.2003.1206574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2003.1206574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2003. FUZZ '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067035684","display_name":"Stephen C. Stubberud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-3400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165686","display_name":"Lockheed Martin Orincon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038eqqh78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165686"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.C. Stubberud","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORINCON Defense, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORINCON Defense, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165686"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067035684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165686"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84975805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1038","last_page":"1042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7481385469436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6743984222412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6381590366363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5587525963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5465800166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5114873647689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5089833736419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-scheme","display_name":"Association scheme","score":0.4830256402492523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4739782214164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.47327256202697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.4343148469924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43134206533432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4253844618797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3078436851501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.14749041199684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11549916863441467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7481385469436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6743984222412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6381590366363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5587525963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5465800166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5114873647689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5089833736419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73361133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810150","display_name":"Association scheme","level":2,"score":0.4830256402492523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4739782214164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.47327256202697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4343148469924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43134206533432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4253844618797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3078436851501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14749041199684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11549916863441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz.2003.1206574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2003.1206574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2003. FUZZ '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568122762","https://openalex.org/W1646998587","https://openalex.org/W1663421356","https://openalex.org/W1989809390","https://openalex.org/W2058130919","https://openalex.org/W2112462566","https://openalex.org/W2117079761","https://openalex.org/W2406470551","https://openalex.org/W2483982199","https://openalex.org/W6633879058","https://openalex.org/W6637222394","https://openalex.org/W6676789009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1224313471","https://openalex.org/W2048240552","https://openalex.org/W3197326322","https://openalex.org/W2095059320","https://openalex.org/W2171569252","https://openalex.org/W2005838129","https://openalex.org/W1971730403","https://openalex.org/W1976775387","https://openalex.org/W3122761303","https://openalex.org/W2789522126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47,75],"concept":[1],"of":[2,7,24,28,38,63],"target":[3,45],"tracking,":[4],"a":[5,21,59,79,113],"part":[6],"Level":[8],"1":[9],"data":[10],"fusion,":[11],"is":[12,35,55,78,101],"to":[13,19,50,89,122],"combine":[14],"measures":[15],"from":[16],"various":[17,40],"sensors":[18],"form":[20],"coherent":[22],"picture":[23],"the":[25,29,36,39,43,51,56,64,72,85,99,104,120,124,133,139,142],"scene.":[26],"One":[27],"major":[30],"concerns":[31],"with":[32,42],"this":[33,108],"problem":[34,54],"association":[37,53,117],"measurements":[41],"existing":[44],"tracks.":[46],"standard":[48],"approach":[49,140],"kinematic":[52],"chi-squared":[57,76,125],"metric,":[58],"weighted":[60],"inner":[61],"product":[62],"residual":[65],"formed":[66],"by":[67,92],"an":[68],"estimated":[69],"measurement":[70,86],"and":[71,87],"true":[73],"measurement.":[74],"metric":[77],"proven":[80],"tool":[81],"that":[82,112],"requires":[83],"both":[84],"track":[88],"be":[90],"defined":[91],"Gaussian":[93,100,134,143],"probability":[94],"density":[95],"functions.":[96],"At":[97],"times":[98],"not":[102,131],"always":[103],"best":[105],"approximation.":[106],"In":[107],"paper,":[109],"we":[110,136],"demonstrate":[111],"developed":[114],"fuzzy":[115,128],"logic":[116,129],"technique":[118],"has":[119],"capability":[121],"emulate":[123],"metric.":[126],"Since":[127],"does":[130],"require":[132],"assumption,":[135],"can":[137],"utilize":[138],"when":[141],"assumption":[144],"fails.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}