{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1901403611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2001.1008937","title":"On interpretation of graffiti commands for eBooks using a neural network and an improved genetic algorithm","display_name":"On interpretation of graffiti commands for eBooks using a neural network and an improved genetic algorithm","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1901403611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2001.1008937","mag":"1901403611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz.2001.1008937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2001.1008937","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. (Cat. No.01CH37297)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059514204","display_name":"Hak\u2010Keung Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6572-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H.K. Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079852457","display_name":"Sai Ho Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.H. Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103297254","display_name":"Kam-Ching Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.F. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056524805","display_name":"F.H.F. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-7074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.H.F. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Multimedia Signal Process., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059514204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89992188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1464","last_page":"1467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graffiti","display_name":"Graffiti","score":0.7849430441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7376227974891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7132662534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7015413641929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6479459404945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6398001909255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5436659455299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47053274512290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46656739711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3781222105026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3260836601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.211780846118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10901930928230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08262205123901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06574249267578125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186835682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541559","display_name":"Graffiti","level":2,"score":0.7849430441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7376227974891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7132662534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7015413641929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6479459404945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6398001909255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5436659455299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47053274512290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46656739711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3781222105026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3260836601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.211780846118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10901930928230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08262205123901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06574249267578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz.2001.1008937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz.2001.1008937","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. (Cat. No.01CH37297)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/1411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/1411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/1a9579da-cafd-42b5-876e-9e06ed4d3703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/1a9579da-cafd-42b5-876e-9e06ed4d3703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lam, H K, Ling, S H, Leung, K F & Leung, F H F 2001, On interpretation of graffiti commands for eBooks using a neural network and an improved genetic algorithm. in Unknown. pp. 1464 - 1467, in Proc. 10th IEEE Int. Conf. Fuzzy Syst. (FUZZ-IEEE 2001), Melbourne, Australia, 2-5 December 2001, 1/01/2001.","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492417045","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W2017794496","https://openalex.org/W2052387497","https://openalex.org/W2096590200","https://openalex.org/W2108185761","https://openalex.org/W2109248217","https://openalex.org/W2117043380","https://openalex.org/W2136215516","https://openalex.org/W2137571785","https://openalex.org/W2139877293","https://openalex.org/W2143998801","https://openalex.org/W2144630308","https://openalex.org/W2162041965","https://openalex.org/W2574993868","https://openalex.org/W4300886904","https://openalex.org/W4387688680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W638017646","https://openalex.org/W2951480663","https://openalex.org/W4288374578","https://openalex.org/W2914515623","https://openalex.org/W2928104125","https://openalex.org/W2990227866","https://openalex.org/W3185429034","https://openalex.org/W2048582679","https://openalex.org/W2782226720","https://openalex.org/W3155846967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,35,38,40,45,53,56,61,75,96,103],"interpretation":[4,13],"of":[5,55,74],"graffiti":[6,91],"commands":[7,92],"for":[8,93],"electronic":[9],"books":[10],"(eBooks).":[11],"The":[12,50,71],"process":[14],"is":[15,65,78],"achieved":[16],"by":[17,60,67,82],"training":[18],"a":[19],"proposed":[20,41,97],"neural":[21],"network":[22,47],"(NN)":[23],"with":[24,99],"link":[25,100],"switches":[26,36,101],"using":[27,95],"an":[28],"improved":[29,62,76,104],"genetic":[30],"algorithm":[31],"(GA).":[32],"By":[33],"introducing":[34],"to":[37],"links,":[39],"NN":[42,57,98],"can":[43],"learn":[44],"optimal":[46],"structure":[48,51],"automatically.":[49],"and":[52,102],"parameters":[54],"are":[58,106],"tuned":[59],"GA,":[63,105],"which":[64],"implemented":[66],"floating":[68],"point":[69],"numbers.":[70],"processing":[72],"time":[73],"GA":[77],"shorter":[79],"as":[80],"reflected":[81],"some":[83],"benchmark":[84],"test":[85],"functions.":[86],"Simulation":[87],"results":[88],"on":[89],"interpreting":[90],"eBooks":[94],"shown.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
