{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2179540619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848","title":"Employing an Enhanced Interval Approach to encode words into Linear General Type-2 fuzzy sets for Computing With Words applications","display_name":"Employing an Enhanced Interval Approach to encode words into Linear General Type-2 fuzzy sets for Computing With Words applications","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2179540619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848","mag":"2179540619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091639896","display_name":"Aysenur Bilgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-9953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aysenur Bilgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041176153","display_name":"Hani Hagras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Hagras","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083023211","display_name":"Daniyal Alghazzawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniyal Alghazzawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019323495","display_name":"Areej Malibari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7123-8548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Areej Malibari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088535846","display_name":"Mohammed J. Alhaddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-624X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed J. Alhaddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091639896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.774162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.690207839012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.642540693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.6060634255409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.6042705178260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defuzzification","display_name":"Defuzzification","score":0.5789522528648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-fuzzy-sets-and-systems","display_name":"Type-2 fuzzy sets and systems","score":0.5339347720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-number","display_name":"Fuzzy number","score":0.5199843049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.510415256023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set-operations","display_name":"Fuzzy set operations","score":0.5036677718162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.500370979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.46042370796203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-classification","display_name":"Fuzzy classification","score":0.4598132073879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4444693922996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4311453700065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.42184579372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.37209469079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14535045623779297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.690207839012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.642540693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6060634255409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.6042705178260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170260401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251735","display_name":"Defuzzification","level":5,"score":0.5789522528648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17350324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7860605","display_name":"Type-2 fuzzy sets and systems","level":5,"score":0.5339347720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.5199843049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.510415256023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511133","display_name":"Fuzzy set operations","level":4,"score":0.5036677718162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.500370979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46042370796203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127385683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475696","display_name":"Fuzzy classification","level":4,"score":0.4598132073879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4444693922996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4311453700065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42184579372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37209469079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14535045623779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:15612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183019766","https://openalex.org/W564030374","https://openalex.org/W647481897","https://openalex.org/W1787190784","https://openalex.org/W1988312038","https://openalex.org/W1989546650","https://openalex.org/W2005557553","https://openalex.org/W2020694587","https://openalex.org/W2026725080","https://openalex.org/W2038546487","https://openalex.org/W2039037639","https://openalex.org/W2041280856","https://openalex.org/W2048129404","https://openalex.org/W2053260168","https://openalex.org/W2063206758","https://openalex.org/W2108770909","https://openalex.org/W2115175267","https://openalex.org/W2117501337","https://openalex.org/W2128042275","https://openalex.org/W2136944077","https://openalex.org/W2151614844","https://openalex.org/W2153676086","https://openalex.org/W2157423656","https://openalex.org/W2161771180","https://openalex.org/W2165094119","https://openalex.org/W2913642042","https://openalex.org/W4247749894","https://openalex.org/W4310657731","https://openalex.org/W6663692894","https://openalex.org/W6683094445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184441312","https://openalex.org/W2674573885","https://openalex.org/W1485268022","https://openalex.org/W1975005191","https://openalex.org/W2331106272","https://openalex.org/W4361984403","https://openalex.org/W1542808721","https://openalex.org/W2960454922","https://openalex.org/W1487720066","https://openalex.org/W2253053392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1996,":[1],"Zadeh":[2],"coined":[3],"Computing":[4],"With":[5],"Words":[6],"(CWWs)":[7],"to":[8,52,64,78,92,138,162,168],"be":[9,184],"a":[10,157],"methodology":[11],"in":[12,190],"which":[13,29,160],"words":[14,37,80,90],"are":[15,223],"used":[16],"instead":[17],"of":[18,25,134,166],"numbers":[19],"for":[20,81,215,227],"computing":[21],"and":[22,110,149,170,198,208,222],"reasoning.":[23],"One":[24],"the":[26,31,44,132,140,164,201],"main":[27],"challenges":[28],"faced":[30],"CWWs":[32,45,82,158,218,230],"paradigm":[33,46],"has":[34,40,104],"been":[35,105,115,154],"modelling":[36],"adequately.":[38],"Mendel":[39],"pointed":[41],"out":[42],"that":[43,179],"should":[47],"employ":[48],"type-2":[49],"fuzzy":[50,70,76,119,136,145,151,181,188],"logic":[51],"model":[53],"words.":[54,174],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"proposes":[57],"employing":[58],"an":[59],"Enhanced":[60],"Interval":[61,73,102],"Approach":[62],"(EIA)":[63],"create":[65],"Linear":[66],"General":[67],"Type-2":[68,74],"(LGT2)":[69],"sets":[71,77,120,137,152,182,189],"from":[72,107],"(IT2)":[75],"encode":[79],"applications.":[83],"We":[84],"have":[85,114,153],"performed":[86],"experiments":[87],"on":[88],"18":[89,111],"belonging":[91],"3":[93],"different":[94],"linguistic":[95,99,112,141],"variables":[96],"(having":[97],"6":[98],"terms":[100,113],"each).":[101],"data":[103],"collected":[106],"17":[108],"subjects":[109],"modeled":[116],"with":[117],"IT2":[118,135,148,187,228],"using":[121,143],"EIA.":[122],"The":[123,175],"proposed":[124],"conversion":[125],"approach":[126],"uses":[127],"several":[128],"key":[129],"points":[130],"within":[131,156],"parameters":[133],"redesign":[139],"variable":[142],"LGT2":[144,150,180,216],"sets.":[146],"Both":[147],"evaluated":[155],"Framework,":[159],"aims":[161],"mimic":[163],"ability":[165],"humans":[167],"communicate":[169],"manipulate":[171],"perceptions":[172],"via":[173],"comparison":[176],"results":[177],"show":[178],"can":[183],"better":[185],"than":[186,225],"mimicking":[191],"human":[192],"reasoning":[193],"as":[194,196],"well":[195],"learning":[197],"adaptation":[199],"since":[200],"progressive":[202],"Root":[203],"Mean":[204,209],"Squared":[205],"Error":[206,212],"(RMSE)":[207],"Absolute":[210],"Percentage":[211],"(MAPE)":[213],"values":[214],"based":[217,229],"Framework":[219],"converge":[220],"faster":[221],"lower":[224],"those":[226],"Framework.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
