{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039310173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251194","title":"A modified method of vehicle extraction based on background subtraction","display_name":"A modified method of vehicle extraction based on background subtraction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039310173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251194","mag":"2039310173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1268643","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063439671","display_name":"Jingjing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, China 100081"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, China 100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002452488","display_name":"Yaping Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-5333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, China 100081"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, China 100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063439671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1139,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79807213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.9369723796844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windshield","display_name":"Windshield","score":0.8215608596801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.706957995891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6689951419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6665374636650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.6566219329833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6481668949127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-subtraction","display_name":"Image subtraction","score":0.591559886932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-image","display_name":"Background image","score":0.46017614006996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4406718611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.31510668992996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.26669901609420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26662176847457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.2209395468235016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10890427231788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07072296738624573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.9369723796844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13693","display_name":"Windshield","level":2,"score":0.8215608596801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.706957995891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6689951419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6665374636650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.6566219329833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6481668949127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37672646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002283","display_name":"Image subtraction","level":5,"score":0.591559886932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1619726","display_name":"Background image","level":3,"score":0.46017614006996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4406718611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.31510668992996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.26669901609420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26662176847457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2209395468235016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10890427231788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07072296738624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2012.6251194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1268643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1268643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1268643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1268643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547714734","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1997932664","https://openalex.org/W2041728612","https://openalex.org/W2072643367","https://openalex.org/W2109609054","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133822758","https://openalex.org/W2170249894","https://openalex.org/W2390276689","https://openalex.org/W2390373065","https://openalex.org/W6676208019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013855924","https://openalex.org/W4251986860","https://openalex.org/W1975008161","https://openalex.org/W2002094820","https://openalex.org/W1934883969","https://openalex.org/W2375321927","https://openalex.org/W2381380858","https://openalex.org/W2711921055","https://openalex.org/W2010623741","https://openalex.org/W2022276948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"method":[1,27,82,116],"combines":[2],"Top-hat":[3],"Transformation,":[4],"Morphological":[5],"Gradient":[6],"and":[7,22,35,42,86,103,123,131],"Background":[8],"Subtraction":[9],"is":[10,50,98,108],"presented":[11],"in":[12],"this":[13],"paper":[14],"to":[15,38,100],"solve":[16],"the":[17,40,64,68,73,80,84,88,93,96,101,104,115,127,132,143],"question":[18],"of":[19,24,95],"cast":[20],"shadows":[21,41,85],"split":[23],"vehicle.":[25],"The":[26,56,139],"adopts":[28],"top-hat":[29,137],"transformation":[30],"both":[31],"on":[32,63,136],"input":[33],"image":[34,37],"background":[36,59,129,133],"remove":[39],"detect":[43],"road":[44,69,102],"lines":[45,70],"respectively.":[46],"Then":[47],"morphological":[48],"gradient":[49],"obtained":[51],"by":[52],"multiple":[53],"structuring":[54],"elements.":[55],"final":[57],"modified":[58],"subtraction":[60,130,134],"which":[61,71],"performs":[62],"binary":[65],"images":[66],"removes":[67],"impact":[72],"result":[74],"much.":[75],"Different":[76],"from":[77],"other":[78],"methods,":[79],"proposed":[81],"eliminates":[83],"extracts":[87],"whole":[89],"vehicle":[90,97,121],"even":[91],"if":[92],"color":[94],"similar":[99],"contour":[105],"beside":[106],"windshield":[107],"very":[109],"weak.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"prove":[113],"that":[114],"works":[117],"well":[118],"under":[119],"different":[120],"colors":[122],"sizes,":[124],"comparing":[125],"with":[126],"simple":[128],"based":[135],"transformation.":[138],"error":[140],"rate":[141],"indicates":[142],"improvement.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}